{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133760064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063018","title":"The Impact of Substation Grounding Grid Design Parameters in Non-Homogenous Soil to the Grid Safety Threshold Parameters","display_name":"The Impact of Substation Grounding Grid Design Parameters in Non-Homogenous Soil to the Grid Safety Threshold Parameters","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133760064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063018","mag":"3133760064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3063018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063018","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366486.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366486.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070223933","display_name":"Navinesshani Permal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-5440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Navinesshani Permal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-5440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084018347","display_name":"Miszaina Osman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-0617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miszaina Osman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-0617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Azrul Mohd Ariffin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-3956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azrul Mohd Ariffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-3956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016554219","display_name":"Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-2953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), Advance Lightning, Power, and Energy Research (ALPER), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), Advance Lightning, Power, and Energy Research (ALPER), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070223933"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.1654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.938274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"37497","last_page":"37509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13046","display_name":"Electrokinetic Soil Remediation Techniques","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground","display_name":"Ground","score":0.772980809211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earthing-system","display_name":"Earthing system","score":0.6545403003692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5568417906761169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45950669050216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4115992784500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.34528422355651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31839698553085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23457130789756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13822075724601746}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168993435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501125","display_name":"Ground","level":2,"score":0.772980809211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78779171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432571","display_name":"Earthing system","level":3,"score":0.6545403003692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5568417906761169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45950669050216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4115992784500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34528422355651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31839698553085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23457130789756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13822075724601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3063018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063018","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366486.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:95472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe1fcb92b73442a8a3be07687d0b7e5d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fe1fcb92b73442a8a3be07687d0b7e5d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 37497-37509 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3063018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3063018","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366486.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7757339220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UNITEN/02/13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325210","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966097811","https://openalex.org/W1973319943","https://openalex.org/W1984358086","https://openalex.org/W2003320794","https://openalex.org/W2098621387","https://openalex.org/W2099683866","https://openalex.org/W2100706062","https://openalex.org/W2100746705","https://openalex.org/W2100943213","https://openalex.org/W2103018080","https://openalex.org/W2139476151","https://openalex.org/W2166409921","https://openalex.org/W2170840149","https://openalex.org/W2184171388","https://openalex.org/W2195574256","https://openalex.org/W2206058695","https://openalex.org/W2333024018","https://openalex.org/W2402459348","https://openalex.org/W2518961192","https://openalex.org/W2587520473","https://openalex.org/W2768301095","https://openalex.org/W2772164765","https://openalex.org/W2898463229","https://openalex.org/W2912540753","https://openalex.org/W2915468415","https://openalex.org/W2952175110","https://openalex.org/W3005893967","https://openalex.org/W3008988733","https://openalex.org/W3011254204","https://openalex.org/W3047235602","https://openalex.org/W4230173696","https://openalex.org/W4301056627","https://openalex.org/W6685932186","https://openalex.org/W6687466643","https://openalex.org/W6688149151","https://openalex.org/W6712728190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379604501","https://openalex.org/W2132954488","https://openalex.org/W2125566117","https://openalex.org/W3198592614","https://openalex.org/W2147569308","https://openalex.org/W2159780915","https://openalex.org/W2354775716","https://openalex.org/W3119649758","https://openalex.org/W1487415169","https://openalex.org/W2372939808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,9,58,132,152],"important":[2],"to":[3,28,41,161,188,200,244],"ensure":[4],"that":[5,70],"a":[6,12,37,59,97,213,240],"grounding":[7,38,67,79,118,175,194,214,241],"system":[8,21,39,176,215],"designed":[10],"with":[11,51,185],"low":[13],"magnitude":[14],"of":[15,36,47,61,89,114,116,128,173,204,212,219,229],"earth":[16,29],"resistance,":[17],"so":[18],"the":[19,24,45,78,83,90,110,117,122,125,146,169,174,201,210,217,220,230,248],"protection":[20,34],"can":[22],"divert":[23],"large":[25],"fault":[26],"current":[27],"effectively.":[30],"The":[31,134],"performances":[32],"and":[33,74,94,105,112,138,148,156,171,192,208,232],"level":[35,113],"need":[40],"be":[42],"acknowledged":[43],"as":[44,150,227],"condition":[46],"soil":[48,53,73,104,107,123,130,143,179,221,226,237],"structure":[49],"changes":[50],"different":[52],"characteristics.":[54],"At":[55],"present,":[56],"there":[57,151],"lack":[60],"systematic":[62],"guide":[63],"or":[64],"standards":[65,231],"for":[66],"grid":[68,84,91],"designs":[69],"consider":[71,235],"non-uniform":[72],"its":[75,245],"impact":[76,127],"on":[77,121,136],"systems.":[80],"By":[81],"computing":[82],"safety":[85,115,139,172],"threshold":[86],"parameters":[87],"consisting":[88],"impedance,":[92],"step,":[93],"touch":[95],"voltages,":[96],"comparison":[98,155],"has":[99],"been":[100,159],"made":[101,160],"between":[102],"uniform":[103,225,236],"two-layer":[106,142],"models.":[108],"Where":[109],"competence":[111],"systems":[119],"depend":[120],"attributes,":[124],"significant":[126],"various":[129,178],"conditions":[131,144],"seen.":[133],"evaluations":[135],"performance":[137,211],"assessment":[140],"in":[141,167,177],"hold":[145],"novelty":[147],"originality":[149],"no":[153],"such":[154],"discussion":[157],"have":[158],"date.":[162],"These":[163],"comparisons":[164],"would":[165,182,198],"help":[166],"forecasting":[168],"behavior":[170],"environments,":[180],"which":[181],"provide":[183],"engineers":[184],"additional":[186],"expertise":[187],"design":[189],"an":[190],"effective":[191],"secure":[193],"system.":[195],"This":[196],"research":[197],"contribute":[199],"existing":[202],"body":[203],"knowledge":[205],"by":[206],"differentiating":[207],"predicting":[209],"when":[216],"characteristics":[218],"differ":[222],"significantly":[223],"from":[224],"most":[228],"guidelines":[233],"only":[234],"while":[238],"designing":[239],"system,":[242],"owing":[243],"complexity":[246],"at":[247],"site.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
