{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134623329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062907","title":"Feasibility Validation of a 5G-Enabled mmWave Vehicular Communication System on a Highway","display_name":"Feasibility Validation of a 5G-Enabled mmWave Vehicular Communication System on a Highway","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134623329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062907","mag":"3134623329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062907","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366525.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366525.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047733265","display_name":"Gosan Noh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-212X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gosan Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-212X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702560","display_name":"Junhyeong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-5360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhyeong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-5360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103112871","display_name":"Seungnam Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7986-4220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungnam Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030902567","display_name":"Nam\u2010Suk Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namsuk Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088280956","display_name":"Heesang Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-5671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heesang Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-5671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010950156","display_name":"Ilgyu Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilgyu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6719,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83532646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"36535","last_page":"36546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6679709553718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-communication-systems","display_name":"Vehicular communication systems","score":0.45772773027420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.4200275242328644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36667191982269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31347620487213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.22832700610160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.1842447817325592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6679709553718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30095986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1035238","display_name":"Vehicular communication systems","level":5,"score":0.45772773027420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.4200275242328644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36667191982269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31347620487213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.22832700610160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.1842447817325592}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062907","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366525.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b7543ac9aac34ec29aa0b98d6eec191f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b7543ac9aac34ec29aa0b98d6eec191f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 36535-36546 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062907","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09366525.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4220674452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-0-00792","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4415221562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-0-00792","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134623329.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134623329.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108981163","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2124986293","https://openalex.org/W2293182310","https://openalex.org/W2575875755","https://openalex.org/W2782640187","https://openalex.org/W2791203620","https://openalex.org/W2796304624","https://openalex.org/W2833137168","https://openalex.org/W2886841391","https://openalex.org/W2889742864","https://openalex.org/W2902466218","https://openalex.org/W2940845926","https://openalex.org/W2943242143","https://openalex.org/W2954394822","https://openalex.org/W2963384964","https://openalex.org/W2963720901","https://openalex.org/W3002639315","https://openalex.org/W3012999851","https://openalex.org/W3035365988","https://openalex.org/W3036467698","https://openalex.org/W3036577784","https://openalex.org/W3040946855","https://openalex.org/W3084062168","https://openalex.org/W3085823723","https://openalex.org/W3098450357","https://openalex.org/W3106503406","https://openalex.org/W3120586454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389299455","https://openalex.org/W4389401994","https://openalex.org/W2142432248","https://openalex.org/W2803716067","https://openalex.org/W3199384537","https://openalex.org/W2626708658","https://openalex.org/W2155725870","https://openalex.org/W2519823595","https://openalex.org/W2491522285","https://openalex.org/W1966820037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,49,140],"present":[4],"an":[5,26,133],"mmWave-based":[6,44,80],"vehicle-to-infrastructure":[7],"(V2I)":[8],"communication":[9,176],"system":[10,81,120,165],"operating":[11],"at":[12],"a":[13,30,35,86,94,101,129,178],"22":[14],"-":[15],"23GHz":[16],"frequency":[17],"band,":[18],"and":[19,23,52,96,107,122,147,168],"evaluate":[20],"its":[21],"feasibility":[22],"effectiveness":[24],"on":[25,34,60,177],"actual":[27,134],"highway":[28,135],"through":[29,128],"field":[31],"trial.":[32,155],"Based":[33],"network":[36],"layout":[37],"that":[38,160],"is":[39,166],"well":[40],"suited":[41],"for":[42,110,170],"the":[43,61,75,79,142,149,154,161],"high":[45,84,172],"mobility":[46],"vehicular":[47,175],"applications,":[48],"provide":[50,148],"physical":[51],"higher":[53],"layer":[54],"design":[55,121],"details,":[56],"which":[57],"are":[58,126],"based":[59],"3GPP":[62],"5G":[63,162],"New":[64],"Radio":[65],"(NR)":[66],"standard.":[67],"We":[68],"then":[69],"investigate":[70],"key":[71,124],"technologies":[72,125],"to":[73,83,115],"overcome":[74],"performance":[76],"degradation":[77],"of":[78,144],"due":[82],"mobility:":[85],"user":[87],"equipment":[88],"(UE)-oriented":[89],"beam":[90],"switching-based":[91],"beamforming":[92],"scheme,":[93],"fast":[95],"robust":[97],"handover":[98],"procedure":[99],"with":[100],"two-step":[102],"timing":[103],"advance":[104],"(TA)":[105],"update,":[106],"mobile":[108],"relaying":[109],"providing":[111],"better":[112],"quality-of-service":[113],"(QoS)":[114],"in-vehicle":[116],"UEs.":[117],"The":[118,156],"proposed":[119],"related":[123],"validated":[127],"real-world":[130],"testbed":[131,145],"in":[132],"test":[136],"site.":[137],"Regarding":[138],"this,":[139],"describe":[141],"specifics":[143],"implementation":[146],"experimental":[150],"results":[151,158],"obtained":[152],"from":[153],"validation":[157],"show":[159],"NR-based":[163],"mmWave":[164],"feasible":[167],"effective":[169],"realizing":[171],"data":[173],"rate":[174],"highway.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}