{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135252998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062385","title":"Sleep Posture Recognition With a Dual-Frequency Cardiopulmonary Doppler Radar","display_name":"Sleep Posture Recognition With a Dual-Frequency Cardiopulmonary Doppler Radar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135252998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062385","mag":"3135252998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062385","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363872.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363872.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038026431","display_name":"John E. Kiriazi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111675","display_name":"Market Matters","ror":"https://ror.org/021yan307","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John E. Kiriazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596","https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007240091","display_name":"Shekh Md Mahmudul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-6970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shekh M. M. Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-6970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080653289","display_name":"Olga Bori\u0107-Lubecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-7359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Boric-Lubecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076277369","display_name":"Victor M. Lubecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-3554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor M. Lubecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-3554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawai\u2019i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038026431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I4210087596","https://openalex.org/I4210111675"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.1435,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9203458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"36181","last_page":"36194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-radar","display_name":"Doppler radar","score":0.714492678642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.5581367015838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.5123666524887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5001544952392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4790831208229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4515978693962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.413899302482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3229716718196869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.25080132484436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1863187551498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15602827072143555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.714492678642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.5581367015838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.5123666524887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5001544952392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4790831208229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4515978693962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.413899302482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3229716718196869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.25080132484436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1863187551498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15602827072143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062385","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363872.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b6ee568df80b47e893124bc6b81e787e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b6ee568df80b47e893124bc6b81e787e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 36181-36194 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062385","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363872.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1792324407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CBET-1160326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2523377534","display_name":"Real-Time Non-Contact Sensing of Variations in Cardiorespiratory Volume","funder_award_id":"1160326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8768262814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1915738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/0471zv972"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135252998.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135252998.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W613209737","https://openalex.org/W1504363569","https://openalex.org/W1509613230","https://openalex.org/W1898434955","https://openalex.org/W1918323945","https://openalex.org/W1990830624","https://openalex.org/W1995007280","https://openalex.org/W2002581188","https://openalex.org/W2024878110","https://openalex.org/W2045727797","https://openalex.org/W2053211153","https://openalex.org/W2055483942","https://openalex.org/W2070373962","https://openalex.org/W2075959322","https://openalex.org/W2078250669","https://openalex.org/W2093163939","https://openalex.org/W2099983867","https://openalex.org/W2120043744","https://openalex.org/W2133225252","https://openalex.org/W2135152130","https://openalex.org/W2139750052","https://openalex.org/W2141111121","https://openalex.org/W2142797701","https://openalex.org/W2147272903","https://openalex.org/W2171942582","https://openalex.org/W2185631218","https://openalex.org/W2289141627","https://openalex.org/W2408122288","https://openalex.org/W2494218935","https://openalex.org/W2583888088","https://openalex.org/W2606683310","https://openalex.org/W2609229420","https://openalex.org/W2784051633","https://openalex.org/W2791212554","https://openalex.org/W2884859892","https://openalex.org/W2906699286","https://openalex.org/W2906759948","https://openalex.org/W2914599816","https://openalex.org/W2918956281","https://openalex.org/W2941074488","https://openalex.org/W2969079905","https://openalex.org/W2969595274","https://openalex.org/W2972604171","https://openalex.org/W3010200460","https://openalex.org/W3013385758","https://openalex.org/W3016348804","https://openalex.org/W3017054426","https://openalex.org/W3035511470","https://openalex.org/W3094485066","https://openalex.org/W4235410437","https://openalex.org/W6675235068","https://openalex.org/W6736989687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978025251","https://openalex.org/W2361241744","https://openalex.org/W2086314607","https://openalex.org/W2235285389","https://openalex.org/W4252012301","https://openalex.org/W2581209175","https://openalex.org/W2900664875","https://openalex.org/W2022955050","https://openalex.org/W2944876982","https://openalex.org/W4381745278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"Doppler":[1,52],"radar":[2,53,64],"can":[3],"be":[4],"used":[5,114],"to":[6,19,65,100,104],"measure":[7],"cardiopulmonary":[8],"vital":[9],"signs":[10],"during":[11],"sleep,":[12],"meaningful":[13],"diagnostic":[14],"assessments":[15],"are":[16],"often":[17],"subject":[18],"knowledge":[20],"of":[21,59,62,78,127,157],"a":[22,50,101,116,145],"subject's":[23],"changing":[24],"sleep":[25,46,90],"posture.":[26],"The":[27,92],"torso":[28],"Effective":[29],"Radar":[30],"Cross":[31],"Section":[32],"(ERCS)":[33],"and":[34,83,96,134],"displacement":[35],"magnitude":[36],"were":[37,73,98,143],"studied":[38],"for":[39,75,86,125,155],"20":[40],"human":[41],"subjects":[42,129],"in":[43,55,81],"three":[44,87],"imitated":[45,89],"posture":[47,106,112],"categories":[48],"using":[49,63,130,136],"dual-frequency":[51,146],"system":[54],"an":[56],"exploratory":[57],"examination":[58],"the":[60,128,158],"feasibility":[61],"recognize":[66],"body":[67],"orientation.":[68],"Box":[69],"plot":[70],"statistical":[71,94],"analyses":[72],"performed":[74],"comparative":[76],"assessment":[77],"ratio":[79],"variations":[80],"ERCS":[82],"respiration":[84],"depth":[85],"different":[88],"postures.":[91],"observed":[93],"trends":[95],"correlations":[97],"applied":[99],"physical":[102],"model":[103],"develop":[105],"decision":[107],"algorithms":[108],"with":[109],"initial":[110],"supine":[111],"data":[113],"as":[115],"reference.":[117],"A":[118],"single-frequency":[119],"algorithm":[120,147],"tracked":[121],"postures":[122,152],"without":[123,153],"error":[124,154],"90%":[126],"2.4":[131],"GHz":[132,138],"data,":[133],"80%":[135],"5.8":[137],"data.":[139],"As":[140],"accuracy":[141],"limitations":[142],"complementary,":[144],"was":[148],"developed":[149],"which":[150],"recognized":[151],"100%":[156],"subjects.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}