{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135151800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062207","title":"Foam Evolution Inspired Modeling for Staged Construction of Ultra-Dense Small Cell Networks","display_name":"Foam Evolution Inspired Modeling for Staged Construction of Ultra-Dense Small Cell Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135151800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062207","mag":"3135151800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062207","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363178.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363178.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046568134","display_name":"Yixin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-9471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-9471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062487419","display_name":"Haonan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-0016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of communication and information engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-0016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of communication and information engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320402","display_name":"Jiliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-6841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-6841","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436731","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-0690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Ranplan Wireless Network Design Ltd., Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-0690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.; Ranplan Wireless Network Design Ltd., Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":0.3233,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51726896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"35431","last_page":"35438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7813757658004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7411152124404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6414045691490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.6178724765777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6066627502441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.514703094959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5051611065864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4827655851840973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.4571196734905243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.4372621178627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.43431156873703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.42060911655426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.41823530197143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.29509443044662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.1805543303489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15651628375053406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7813757658004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7411152124404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6414045691490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.6178724765777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6066627502441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.514703094959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5051611065864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4827655851840973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.4571196734905243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.4372621178627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.43431156873703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42060911655426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.41823530197143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.29509443044662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.1805543303489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15651628375053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062207","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363178.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:172202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/172202/1/09363178.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/172202/1/09363178.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47c9268b7e7846ef85da01a52f0cd5a2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47c9268b7e7846ef85da01a52f0cd5a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 35431-35438 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062207","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363178.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135151800.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3135151800.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W637055693","https://openalex.org/W1567643386","https://openalex.org/W1571356903","https://openalex.org/W1758398300","https://openalex.org/W1871594675","https://openalex.org/W1970015517","https://openalex.org/W1985999806","https://openalex.org/W2021011150","https://openalex.org/W2041684917","https://openalex.org/W2047942585","https://openalex.org/W2122658093","https://openalex.org/W2138585096","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2154782861","https://openalex.org/W2155494842","https://openalex.org/W2166481425","https://openalex.org/W2191948661","https://openalex.org/W2329627572","https://openalex.org/W2532550412","https://openalex.org/W2783018893","https://openalex.org/W2807860504","https://openalex.org/W2817244905","https://openalex.org/W2946910275","https://openalex.org/W2980668168","https://openalex.org/W3004098417","https://openalex.org/W3008021358","https://openalex.org/W3022860649","https://openalex.org/W3099823693","https://openalex.org/W3131845830","https://openalex.org/W3183522126","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W6639151352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2303288554","https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W2047225036","https://openalex.org/W2093207996","https://openalex.org/W4386698331","https://openalex.org/W2138314731","https://openalex.org/W2142989636","https://openalex.org/W2322468729","https://openalex.org/W2168356777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small":[0],"cells":[1],"(SCs)":[2],"are":[3,65,77],"expected":[4],"to":[5,12,23,70,133],"be":[6,37,50,93],"ultra-densely":[7],"deployed":[8,38],"in":[9,16,39,52,95,131,164],"or":[10],"close":[11],"the":[13,17,61,73,85,110,123,153],"traffic":[14],"hot-spots":[15,29],"fifth":[18],"generation":[19],"(5G)":[20],"mobile":[21,157],"networks":[22,163],"provide":[24],"wireless":[25],"capacity":[26],"cost-effectively.":[27],"Traffic":[28],"change":[30],"over":[31],"time,":[32],"which":[33],"means":[34],"SCs":[35],"cannot":[36],"a":[40,53,104,142,165],"one-off":[41],"manner":[42,167],"as":[43,99],"macrocells":[44],"normally":[45],"do,":[46],"rather":[47],"they":[48],"should":[49,159],"constructed":[51],"staged":[54,166],"process.":[55],"Hence,":[56],"mathematical":[57],"models":[58],"that":[59,91,107,156],"capture":[60],"time-varying":[62,111],"staged-construction":[63],"process,":[64],"urgently":[66],"needed":[67],"for":[68],"operators":[69,158],"effectively":[71],"predict":[72,109],"construction":[74],"period,":[75],"but":[76],"currently":[78],"lacking.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"inspired":[83],"by":[84,125],"foam":[86],"bursting":[87],"process-a":[88],"natural":[89],"phenomenon":[90],"can":[92,108],"observed":[94],"daily":[96],"life":[97],"such":[98],"hand-washing,":[100],"we":[101,121],"first":[102],"propose":[103],"novel":[105],"model":[106,124],"expectation":[112],"and":[113,148],"logarithmic":[114],"variance":[115],"of":[116,152],"SC":[117,162],"coverage":[118],"areas.":[119],"Then,":[120],"verify":[122],"real":[126],"network":[127],"deployment":[128,140],"cases.":[129],"Additionally,":[130],"order":[132],"extract":[134],"parameters":[135],"from":[136],"historical":[137],"base":[138],"station":[139],"data,":[141],"parameter":[143],"estimation":[144],"algorithm":[145],"is":[146],"designed":[147],"verified.":[149],"The":[150],"findings":[151],"paper":[154],"reveal":[155],"construct":[160],"ultra-dense":[161],"like":[168],"how":[169],"larger":[170],"foams":[171],"split":[172],"into":[173],"smaller":[174],"ones.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}
