{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191159189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062157","title":"LMC-SMCA: A New Active Learning Method in ASR","display_name":"LMC-SMCA: A New Active Learning Method in ASR","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191159189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062157","mag":"3191159189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062157","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363163.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363163.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000710946","display_name":"Xiusong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-7069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiusong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-7069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101666877","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-9429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118629","display_name":"NARI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02egn3136","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NARI Group Corporation (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute), Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARI Group Corporation (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute), Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053403785","display_name":"Shaohan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-0262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-0262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010148678","display_name":"Tingxiang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4906-7604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118629","display_name":"NARI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02egn3136","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingxiang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NARI Group Corporation (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute), Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4906-7604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARI Group Corporation (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute), Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037969067","display_name":"Xin Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3775-0131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118629","display_name":"NARI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02egn3136","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["NARI Group Corporation (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute), Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARI Group Corporation (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute), Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022836264","display_name":"Qun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-8473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-8473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000710946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4198,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69437027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"37011","last_page":"37021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.785749077796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5989702939987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5431740283966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.526598334312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.48969152569770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certainty","display_name":"Certainty","score":0.4873407781124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46687740087509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.4575369358062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4466078579425812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4381037950515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandarin-chinese","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","score":0.4204271733760834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07491320371627808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.785749077796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5989702939987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5431740283966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.526598334312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.48969152569770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7493553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520777","display_name":"Certainty","level":2,"score":0.4873407781124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46687740087509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4575369358062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4466078579425812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4381037950515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138954614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9192","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","level":2,"score":0.4204271733760834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07491320371627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062157","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363163.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ceba31f16ea4dd0845dd396b9a543f1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ceba31f16ea4dd0845dd396b9a543f1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 37011-37021 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3062157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062157","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09363163.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191159189.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191159189.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W648786980","https://openalex.org/W1575384945","https://openalex.org/W1828163288","https://openalex.org/W1915251500","https://openalex.org/W1996028188","https://openalex.org/W2005708641","https://openalex.org/W2033256038","https://openalex.org/W2058373514","https://openalex.org/W2095629250","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2102113734","https://openalex.org/W2116625254","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2127499922","https://openalex.org/W2135241496","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2151023586","https://openalex.org/W2151466702","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2171590421","https://openalex.org/W2171928131","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2184045248","https://openalex.org/W2294722231","https://openalex.org/W2327501763","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2402146185","https://openalex.org/W2471933213","https://openalex.org/W2473930607","https://openalex.org/W2514741789","https://openalex.org/W2577366047","https://openalex.org/W2597787948","https://openalex.org/W2679717297","https://openalex.org/W2774918944","https://openalex.org/W2888945202","https://openalex.org/W2889048668","https://openalex.org/W2936547119","https://openalex.org/W2951786554","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2962826786","https://openalex.org/W2963026768","https://openalex.org/W2963902936","https://openalex.org/W2964227577","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2972625221","https://openalex.org/W2998704965","https://openalex.org/W3016756065","https://openalex.org/W4230030242","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4300061183","https://openalex.org/W6621543089","https://openalex.org/W6634534149","https://openalex.org/W6638749077","https://openalex.org/W6640059789","https://openalex.org/W6649334980","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6675365184","https://openalex.org/W6678277124","https://openalex.org/W6680532216","https://openalex.org/W6712930963","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6732447497","https://openalex.org/W6735374517","https://openalex.org/W6747231328","https://openalex.org/W6754473786","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374317326","https://openalex.org/W2990005675","https://openalex.org/W1603321096","https://openalex.org/W2394766824","https://openalex.org/W2078713291","https://openalex.org/W2361574037","https://openalex.org/W2386292991","https://openalex.org/W2364440891","https://openalex.org/W2393726922","https://openalex.org/W2366752344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,46,111],"Automatic":[1],"Speech":[2],"Recognition":[3],"(ASR),":[4],"transcribed":[5],"data":[6],"take":[7],"substantial":[8],"effort":[9],"to":[10,15,18,28,108,154],"obtain.":[11],"It":[12],"is":[13,58,66,150],"worthwhile":[14],"explore":[16],"how":[17],"selective":[19],"the":[20,34,64,76,118,159],"samples":[21,80],"with":[22,33,117],"more":[23],"information":[24,77],"from":[25,81],"un-transcribed":[26],"datapool":[27],"get":[29],"a":[30,43],"better":[31],"model":[32,106],"limited":[35],"cost.":[36],"Therefore,":[37],"active":[38,55],"learning":[39],"in":[40,92,136,138],"ASR":[41],"becomes":[42],"research":[44],"topic.":[45],"this":[47],"manuscript,":[48],"we":[49,113],"proposed":[50,148],"two":[51,72],"new":[52],"methods":[53,73],"of":[54,79],"learning.":[56],"One":[57],"Signal-Model":[59],"Committee":[60],"Approach":[61,69],"(SMCA)":[62],"and":[63,84,103,121],"other":[65],"LM-based":[67],"Certainty":[68],"(LMCA).":[70],"These":[71],"respectively":[74],"evaluate":[75],"amount":[78],"different":[82,109],"angles":[83],"can":[85],"be":[86],"applied":[87],"together":[88],"for":[89],"joint":[90],"sampling":[91,120],"some":[93],"scenarios.":[94],"We":[95,132],"conducted":[96],"many":[97],"comparative":[98],"experiments":[99],"on":[100],"Listen,":[101],"Attend":[102],"Spell":[104],"(LAS)":[105],"according":[107],"demands.":[110],"experiments,":[112],"compared":[114],"our":[115,134],"approach":[116,135,149],"random":[119],"another":[122],"state-of-the-art":[123],"committee-based":[124],"approach:":[125],"heterogeneous":[126],"neural":[127],"networks":[128],"(HNN)":[129],"based":[130],"approach.":[131],"examined":[133],"CER":[137],"Chinese":[139],"Mandarin":[140],"speech":[141],"recognition":[142],"task.":[143],"The":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146],"that":[147],"not":[151],"only":[152],"simple":[153],"use,":[155],"but":[156],"also":[157],"has":[158],"best":[160],"performance.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}