{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132117132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061761","title":"Effect of Data Pre-Processing on the Performance of Neural Networks for 1-D Transient Electromagnetic Forward Modeling","display_name":"Effect of Data Pre-Processing on the Performance of Neural Networks for 1-D Transient Electromagnetic Forward Modeling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132117132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061761","mag":"3132117132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061761","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09361672.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09361672.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067986636","display_name":"Muhammad Rizwan Asif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-8041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rizwan Asif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-8041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060536093","display_name":"Thue Sylvester Bording","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-9466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thue S. Bording","raw_affiliation_strings":["HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050489763","display_name":"Adrian A. S. Barfod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-9493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian S. Barfod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027195402","display_name":"Denys Grombacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-0085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denys J. Grombacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-0085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007207788","display_name":"Pradip Kumar Maurya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-6219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pradip K. Maurya","raw_affiliation_strings":["HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072218219","display_name":"Anders Vest Christiansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-2913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders V. Christiansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HydroGeophysics Group (HGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057504959","display_name":"Esben Auken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-4832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801979204","display_name":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland","ror":"https://ror.org/01b40r146","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801979204","https://openalex.org/I4210102581"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esben Auken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-4832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801979204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076681344","display_name":"Jakob Juul Larsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4509-4480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob J. Larsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4509-4480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.6097,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88370915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"34635","last_page":"34646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7509303689002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6916879415512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5641465187072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.5614395141601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"Data processing","score":0.5539903044700623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5459356904029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.508459210395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47247645258903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-error","display_name":"Approximation error","score":0.44581839442253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4180114269256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.4162503778934479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.353033185005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13940012454986572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7509303689002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6916879415512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5641465187072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5614395141601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.5539903044700623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5459356904029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.508459210395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47247645258903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.44581839442253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4180114269256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4162503778934479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.353033185005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13940012454986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061761","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09361672.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:94acec56a57c41ebb0181ffe9648f07f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/94acec56a57c41ebb0181ffe9648f07f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 34635-34646 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/410b0cff-0241-443c-8dab-265abfad6f27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/410b0cff-0241-443c-8dab-265abfad6f27","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asif, M R, Bording, T S, Barfod, A S, Grombacher, D J, Maurya, P K, Christiansen, A V, Auken, E & Larsen, J J 2021, 'Effect of Data Pre-Processing on the Performance of Neural Networks for 1-D Transient Electromagnetic Forward Modeling', IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 34635-34646. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3061761","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/410b0cff-0241-443c-8dab-265abfad6f27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101742804&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400063","display_name":"Scopus (Elsevier)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asif, M R, Bording, T S, Barfod, A S, Grombacher, D J, Maurya, P K, Christiansen, A V, Auken, E & Larsen, J J 2021, 'Effect of Data Pre-Processing on the Performance of Neural Networks for 1-D Transient Electromagnetic Forward Modeling', IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 34635-34646. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3061761","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061761","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09361672.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","display_name":"Innovationsfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/00daj4111"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331737","display_name":"Gr\u00f8nt Udviklings- og Demonstrations Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","display_name":"Interreg","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132117132.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132117132.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528140509","https://openalex.org/W1540427388","https://openalex.org/W1605708511","https://openalex.org/W1955600018","https://openalex.org/W2002096058","https://openalex.org/W2007721504","https://openalex.org/W2033137841","https://openalex.org/W2051812123","https://openalex.org/W2060734130","https://openalex.org/W2064178555","https://openalex.org/W2097571405","https://openalex.org/W2113442785","https://openalex.org/W2115499157","https://openalex.org/W2151968358","https://openalex.org/W2155889930","https://openalex.org/W2163904561","https://openalex.org/W2184483063","https://openalex.org/W2471081287","https://openalex.org/W2484452758","https://openalex.org/W2624102231","https://openalex.org/W2895698704","https://openalex.org/W2905181083","https://openalex.org/W2921770052","https://openalex.org/W2924231309","https://openalex.org/W2943363044","https://openalex.org/W2946936180","https://openalex.org/W2953765940","https://openalex.org/W2965448607","https://openalex.org/W2975742714","https://openalex.org/W2980407143","https://openalex.org/W2980504246","https://openalex.org/W2990450680","https://openalex.org/W2993224327","https://openalex.org/W3002286006","https://openalex.org/W3015254183","https://openalex.org/W3015858546","https://openalex.org/W3016254533","https://openalex.org/W3043390381","https://openalex.org/W6686352844","https://openalex.org/W6757207288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046736294","https://openalex.org/W1980470275","https://openalex.org/W4401442391","https://openalex.org/W2980815195","https://openalex.org/W48199998","https://openalex.org/W2053398899","https://openalex.org/W1973938972","https://openalex.org/W2373241453","https://openalex.org/W4383501682","https://openalex.org/W2024913001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geophysical":[0],"modelling":[1,118,242],"and":[2,24,54,83,102,107,134,216],"data":[3,111,122,150,156,227],"inversion":[4],"are":[5,68],"important":[6],"tools":[7],"for":[8,114],"interpreting":[9],"the":[10,17,35,45,49,52,60,64,74,97,103,115,129,132,135,148,162,173,186,211,238],"physical":[11,61],"properties":[12],"of":[13,63,76,80,85,119,131,164,178,195,213,240],"Earth's":[14],"subsurface.":[15],"Solving":[16],"inverse":[18,245],"problem":[19],"involves":[20],"several":[21,92],"computational":[22],"steps":[23],"is":[25,229],"generally":[26],"a":[27,140,181,198],"time":[28],"consuming":[29],"task.":[30],"Artificial":[31],"neural":[32,77,165],"networks":[33,43,215],"have":[34],"potential":[36],"to":[37,47,58,147,152,231],"speed":[38],"up":[39],"large":[40],"computations.":[41],"Such":[42],"provide":[44,203],"means":[46],"model":[48,62],"relationship":[50],"between":[51],"inputs":[53],"outputs":[55],"without":[56],"needing":[57],"know":[59],"underlying":[65],"problem.":[66],"There":[67],"two":[69],"main":[70],"aspects":[71],"that":[72,154,221],"affect":[73,210],"performance":[75,130,163,175,212],"networks:":[78],"optimization":[79],"network":[81],"architecture":[82],"pre-processing":[84,94,112,137,157,208,219],"data.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"article,":[89],"we":[90,236],"investigate":[91],"traditional":[93],"techniques":[95],"including":[96],"min-max":[98,170],"scaling,":[99,101,106],"z-score":[100],"logarithmic":[104,189],"transform":[105,190],"propose":[108],"some":[109],"novel":[110],"approaches":[113],"1-D":[116],"forward":[117,155,241],"time-domain":[120],"electromagnetic":[121],"based":[123],"on":[124,161],"signal":[125],"characteristics.":[126],"We":[127,202],"evaluate":[128],"conventional":[133],"proposed":[136,168],"methods":[138,209],"against":[139],"3%":[141,182,199],"relative":[142,183,200],"error":[143],"metric,":[144],"which":[145],"corresponds":[146],"typical":[149],"uncertainty,":[151],"show":[153,237],"has":[158],"significant":[159],"effect":[160,239],"networks.":[166],"The":[167],"gate-wise":[169],"scaling":[171],"achieves":[172],"best":[174],"with":[176],"96%":[177],"gates":[179,196],"within":[180,197],"error,":[184],"while":[185],"commonly":[187],"used":[188,224],"results":[191],"only":[192],"in":[193,244],"75%":[194],"error.":[201],"insights":[204],"into":[205],"how":[206],"various":[207],"these":[214],"recommend":[217],"optimal":[218],"strategies":[220],"may":[222],"be":[223],"where":[225],"similar":[226],"content":[228],"encountered":[230],"achieve":[232],"superior":[233],"performance.":[234],"Finally,":[235],"accuracy":[243],"modelling.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
