{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130027632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061690","title":"Hybrid Graph Convolutional Network for Semi-Supervised Retinal Image Classification","display_name":"Hybrid Graph Convolutional Network for Semi-Supervised Retinal Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130027632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061690","mag":"3130027632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061690","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09361692.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09361692.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102012814","display_name":"Guanghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-4072"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiyuan University, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-4072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiyuan University, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101875418","display_name":"Jing Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-2247"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiyuan University, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiyuan University, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101617045","display_name":"Zhaoxia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2226-9560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132355","display_name":"Shanxi Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02wh8xm70","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132355"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021065636","display_name":"Heng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9027-3261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100298449","display_name":"Changyuan Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32377083","display_name":"Yangtze Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v8v7d33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32377083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyuan Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32377083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641764","display_name":"Bin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0056-4685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132355","display_name":"Shanxi Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02wh8xm70","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132355"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351521","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3163-5992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Data Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Data Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.5163,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93112798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"35778","last_page":"35789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8162882924079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7155645489692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7092586755752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6297836899757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5945078134536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4554954469203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44929826259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-learning","display_name":"Similarity learning","score":0.4144706130027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.41151636838912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4054974913597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2560330033302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21887493133544922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8162882924079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7155645489692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7092586755752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6297836899757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5945078134536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4554954469203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44929826259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779597229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146505","display_name":"Similarity learning","level":3,"score":0.4144706130027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.41151636838912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4054974913597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2560330033302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21887493133544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061690","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09361692.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d73721a784d14c139949d6f168016286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d73721a784d14c139949d6f168016286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 35778-35789 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061690","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09361692.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1285799110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2019jcyj","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5583462788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201903D311009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336035","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6534534124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321884","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Scholarship Council of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7593652413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336035","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8250350080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201903D311009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321884","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Scholarship Council of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317788","display_name":"Health Commission of Shanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321884","display_name":"Shanxi Scholarship Council of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336035","display_name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130027632.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130027632.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197570494","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1843925602","https://openalex.org/W1964862986","https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W1976647582","https://openalex.org/W2044012286","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2073594833","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2101210369","https://openalex.org/W2101508556","https://openalex.org/W2109726592","https://openalex.org/W2138480916","https://openalex.org/W2159764117","https://openalex.org/W2162698990","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2234307896","https://openalex.org/W2616171090","https://openalex.org/W2772006542","https://openalex.org/W2792289763","https://openalex.org/W2801296592","https://openalex.org/W2806321514","https://openalex.org/W2895410835","https://openalex.org/W2907743631","https://openalex.org/W2908436867","https://openalex.org/W2922015385","https://openalex.org/W2948729509","https://openalex.org/W2949074827","https://openalex.org/W2952628249","https://openalex.org/W2957352479","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964317695","https://openalex.org/W2970519587","https://openalex.org/W2970650116","https://openalex.org/W2978017498","https://openalex.org/W2979377551","https://openalex.org/W2996993160","https://openalex.org/W3006966066","https://openalex.org/W3009238059","https://openalex.org/W3011689539","https://openalex.org/W3014497218","https://openalex.org/W3025630494","https://openalex.org/W3029713334","https://openalex.org/W3043317456","https://openalex.org/W3093212523","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W4240531687","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6726873649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W2963346891","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W2795259429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"Retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"causes":[3],"a":[4,43,97,104,114,141,149],"significant":[5],"health":[6],"threat":[7],"to":[8,48,64,89,213],"the":[9,33,50,66,78,83,127,155,159,173,181,192,203,214],"patient's":[10],"vision":[11],"with":[12,32,82],"diabetic":[13],"disease,":[14],"which":[15,145],"may":[16],"result":[17],"in":[18,20],"blindness":[19],"severe":[21],"situations.":[22],"Various":[23],"automatic":[24],"DR":[25,67,91],"diagnosis":[26],"models":[27],"have":[28],"been":[29],"proposed":[30,156],"along":[31],"development":[34],"of":[35,85,195],"deep":[36],"learning,":[37],"while":[38],"there":[39],"always":[40],"relies":[41],"on":[42,76,188,197],"large":[44],"scale":[45],"annotated":[46,87],"data":[47,81,88,206],"train":[49],"network.":[51,133],"However,":[52],"annotating":[53,175],"medical":[54],"fundus":[55],"images":[56],"is":[57,146,177],"cost-expensive":[58],"and":[59,119,172,202],"requires":[60],"well-trained":[61],"professional":[62],"doctors":[63],"identity":[65],"grades.":[68],"To":[69],"overcome":[70],"this":[71,73],"drawback,":[72],"paper":[74],"focuses":[75],"utilizing":[77],"easily-obtained":[79],"unlabeled":[80],"help":[84],"limited":[86],"identify":[90],"grades":[92],"accurately.":[93],"Hence":[94],"we":[95],"proposes":[96],"semi-supervised":[98,142,198],"retinal":[99,160,183,199],"image":[100,161,200],"classification":[101,143,162],"method":[102],"by":[103,130,140,148,168],"Hybrid":[105],"Graph":[106],"Convolutional":[107,121],"Network":[108,123],"(HGCN).":[109],"This":[110],"HGCN":[111,157,196],"network":[112],"designs":[113],"modularity-based":[115],"graph":[116,128,131],"learning":[117,217],"module":[118],"integrates":[120],"Neural":[122],"(CNN)":[124],"features":[125,137],"into":[126],"representation":[129],"convolutional":[132],"The":[134,185],"synthesized":[135],"hybrid":[136],"are":[138],"optimized":[139],"task":[144],"assisted":[147],"similarity-based":[150],"pseudo":[151],"label":[152],"estimator.":[153],"Through":[154],"method,":[158],"model":[163],"can":[164],"be":[165],"trained":[166],"efficiently":[167],"partially":[169],"labeled":[170,205],"samples":[171],"complicated":[174],"work":[176],"not":[178],"required":[179],"for":[180],"most":[182],"images.":[184],"experimental":[186],"results":[187],"MESSIDOR":[189],"dataset":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"favorable":[193],"performance":[194],"classification,":[201],"fully":[204],"training":[207],"also":[208],"achieves":[209],"an":[210],"obvious":[211],"superiority":[212],"state-of-the-art":[215],"supervised":[216],"methods.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
