{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131519931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061273","title":"Shortest Propagation Delay-Based Relay Selection for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks","display_name":"Shortest Propagation Delay-Based Relay Selection for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131519931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061273","mag":"3131519931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061273","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09360542.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09360542.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011278072","display_name":"Ramsha Narmeen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2560-2724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ramsha Narmeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inha University, Incheon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inha University, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055456145","display_name":"Ishtiaq Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6856-7466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172324550","display_name":"Gomal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0241b8f19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishtiaq Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005385487","display_name":"Zeeshan Kaleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7163-0443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeeshan Kaleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantt, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085738556","display_name":"Umair Ahmad Mughal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5820-3213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162706563","display_name":"Hoseo University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qyd4k24","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162706563"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63920570","display_name":"Tennessee Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/05drmrq39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63920570"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umair Ahmad Mughal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oceanic IT Convergence Technology Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea","Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oceanic IT Convergence Technology Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162706563"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63920570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021191255","display_name":"Daniel Benevides da Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-7475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Benevides Da Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Sobral, Brazil","Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Sobral, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004034156","display_name":"Sami Muhaidat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-9399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["AE","CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Muhaidat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011278072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2071,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86115862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"37923","last_page":"37935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7509947419166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-delay","display_name":"Transmission delay","score":0.7020860314369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6904736757278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6463847756385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6314389705657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-delay","display_name":"Propagation delay","score":0.5972408652305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.5494078397750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-delay","display_name":"End-to-end delay","score":0.5229964256286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.48490720987319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-delay","display_name":"Processing delay","score":0.4487456679344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustics","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","score":0.4239589273929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.41949909925460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.23618626594543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1969279944896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13575229048728943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7509947419166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.7020860314369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6904736757278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6463847756385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6314389705657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.5972408652305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.5494078397750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37624559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375776","display_name":"End-to-end delay","level":3,"score":0.5229964256286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.48490720987319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21434264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247320","display_name":"Processing delay","level":4,"score":0.4487456679344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67467970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292425","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","level":3,"score":0.4239589273929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.41949909925460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.23618626594543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1969279944896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13575229048728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061273","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09360542.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2ad8966450dc4ff1a7d3d9af63281560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2ad8966450dc4ff1a7d3d9af63281560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 37923-37935 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061273","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09360542.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2357355570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EX2020-038-8434000383","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5757159591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EX2020-037-8434000382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131519931.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131519931.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495710601","https://openalex.org/W1500468912","https://openalex.org/W1998410068","https://openalex.org/W2020645758","https://openalex.org/W2081520824","https://openalex.org/W2108205128","https://openalex.org/W2112342359","https://openalex.org/W2118702395","https://openalex.org/W2120159247","https://openalex.org/W2128295617","https://openalex.org/W2131665779","https://openalex.org/W2133831114","https://openalex.org/W2161954151","https://openalex.org/W2170984917","https://openalex.org/W2268179553","https://openalex.org/W2345612674","https://openalex.org/W2464204438","https://openalex.org/W2556483049","https://openalex.org/W2584481700","https://openalex.org/W2588152950","https://openalex.org/W2784543187","https://openalex.org/W2803904107","https://openalex.org/W2913375616","https://openalex.org/W2929455090","https://openalex.org/W2939130789","https://openalex.org/W2946371168","https://openalex.org/W2946403172","https://openalex.org/W2963140507","https://openalex.org/W2972703586","https://openalex.org/W2984638533","https://openalex.org/W2988314507","https://openalex.org/W2988554438","https://openalex.org/W3004805950","https://openalex.org/W3009374507","https://openalex.org/W3024775801","https://openalex.org/W3035580709","https://openalex.org/W3036910877","https://openalex.org/W3037354276","https://openalex.org/W3046323586","https://openalex.org/W3049646632","https://openalex.org/W3100839090","https://openalex.org/W6629563114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169254439","https://openalex.org/W2390947672","https://openalex.org/W4366679797","https://openalex.org/W2185485139","https://openalex.org/W2008110221","https://openalex.org/W2384308992","https://openalex.org/W2592965047","https://openalex.org/W2359528358","https://openalex.org/W2102385010","https://openalex.org/W2115142978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"acoustic":[1],"sensor":[2],"networks":[3],"(UASNs)":[4],"have":[5],"recently":[6],"attracted":[7],"considerable":[8],"attention":[9],"because":[10],"of":[11,65,120],"the":[12,21,69,90,99,107,114,145,153,161,167],"numerous":[13],"underwater":[14],"applications.":[15],"The":[16],"propagation":[17,50,92],"delay,":[18,51],"however,":[19],"is":[20],"most":[22],"challenging":[23],"factor":[24],"for":[25,37,104],"successful":[26],"communication":[27,35,70],"in":[28,40,106,118],"UASNs.":[29,41],"This":[30],"article":[31],"presents":[32],"a":[33,78,85],"cooperative":[34,136],"scheme":[36,61,116,147],"reliable":[38],"transmission":[39,109],"To":[42],"cope":[43],"with":[44],"packet":[45,57,124,128,157,162],"collision":[46,58,64,79],"caused":[47],"due":[48],"to":[49,62,76,97,134],"we":[52,83],"propose":[53,84],"an":[54],"adaptive":[55],"control":[56,66],"avoidance":[59],"(ACP-CA)":[60],"avoid":[63],"packets":[67],"during":[68],"channel":[71],"reservation":[72],"phase":[73,110],"(CCRP).":[74],"Moreover,":[75],"reduce":[77],"between":[80],"data":[81,108],"packets,":[82],"relay":[86,94,101],"selection":[87,95],"scheme,":[88],"called":[89],"shortest":[91],"delay-based":[93],"(SPD-RS),":[96],"select":[98],"best":[100],"node":[102],"(R)":[103],"re-transmission":[105],"(DTP).":[111],"We":[112],"evaluate":[113],"proposed":[115,146],"performance":[117],"terms":[119],"network":[121,154],"throughput,":[122],"average":[123,127],"success":[125,158],"rate,":[126,130,159,164],"drop":[129,163],"and":[131,139,156,165],"latency.":[132,168],"Compared":[133],"opportunistic":[135],"diversity":[137],"(OCD)":[138],"conventional":[140],"medium":[141],"access":[142],"protocol":[143],"(CMAP),":[144],"performs":[148],"remarkably":[149],"well":[150],"by":[151],"improving":[152],"throughput":[155],"reducing":[160],"minimizing":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}