{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130279457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060348","title":"Integrating Pre-Earthquake Signatures From Different Precursor Tools","display_name":"Integrating Pre-Earthquake Signatures From Different Precursor Tools","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130279457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060348","mag":"3130279457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060348","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09360318.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09360318.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029606164","display_name":"Essam Ghamry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-2172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112040","display_name":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01cb2rv04","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112040"]}],"countries":["EG","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Essam Ghamry","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Center for Space Weather Science and Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Center for Space Weather Science and Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041631418","display_name":"Emad K. Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-4580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112040","display_name":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01cb2rv04","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112040"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emad K. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017660673","display_name":"Mohamed S. Abdalzaher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-0306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112040","display_name":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01cb2rv04","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112040"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed S. Abdalzaher","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067151216","display_name":"Mohamed Elwekeil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-4706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Elwekeil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012165844","display_name":"Dedalo Marchetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-3379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29078338","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00qps9a02","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]}],"countries":["CN","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dedalo Marchetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["INGV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy","The College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INGV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064411134","display_name":"Angelo De Santis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3941-656X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29078338","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00qps9a02","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo De Santis","raw_affiliation_strings":["INGV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy","Rome La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INGV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rome La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078743371","display_name":"Mostafa Hegy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4663-7571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112040","display_name":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01cb2rv04","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112040"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Hegy","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010174419","display_name":"Akimasa Yoshikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-1325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akimasa Yoshikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Center for Space Weather Science and Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Center for Space Weather Science and Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108719137","display_name":"Adel Fathy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66513531","display_name":"Fayoum University","ror":"https://ror.org/023gzwx10","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66513531"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Fathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66513531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.4463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98817726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"33268","last_page":"33283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5893473625183105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5893473625183105}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060348","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09360318.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2b9c5f4fc8084e5f86101cdb6e2e5efd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2b9c5f4fc8084e5f86101cdb6e2e5efd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 33268-33283 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:102571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/102571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060348","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09360318.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G177884421","display_name":"Exploring the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere coupling process: emergence of magnetospheric dynamics","funder_award_id":"20H01961","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3059188878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP15H05815","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130279457.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130279457.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W604378092","https://openalex.org/W1496073664","https://openalex.org/W1631625142","https://openalex.org/W1715068840","https://openalex.org/W1835594958","https://openalex.org/W1880386216","https://openalex.org/W1971429875","https://openalex.org/W1972879628","https://openalex.org/W1980702805","https://openalex.org/W1984046170","https://openalex.org/W1987778437","https://openalex.org/W2011195592","https://openalex.org/W2011842560","https://openalex.org/W2019828682","https://openalex.org/W2024834677","https://openalex.org/W2025995731","https://openalex.org/W2026445634","https://openalex.org/W2029660080","https://openalex.org/W2031127627","https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2035740562","https://openalex.org/W2038705244","https://openalex.org/W2042010855","https://openalex.org/W2043961765","https://openalex.org/W2047188941","https://openalex.org/W2049364269","https://openalex.org/W2062655401","https://openalex.org/W2072295540","https://openalex.org/W2079477024","https://openalex.org/W2081261306","https://openalex.org/W2086068384","https://openalex.org/W2092587150","https://openalex.org/W2122035174","https://openalex.org/W2150397931","https://openalex.org/W2154211169","https://openalex.org/W2166277126","https://openalex.org/W2169278316","https://openalex.org/W2238920231","https://openalex.org/W2460488530","https://openalex.org/W2570535089","https://openalex.org/W2573643644","https://openalex.org/W2611772571","https://openalex.org/W2734498829","https://openalex.org/W2742409702","https://openalex.org/W2767878035","https://openalex.org/W2792374605","https://openalex.org/W2801612070","https://openalex.org/W2806103357","https://openalex.org/W2914619270","https://openalex.org/W2918025213","https://openalex.org/W2949559389","https://openalex.org/W2955815683","https://openalex.org/W2965992392","https://openalex.org/W2981924877","https://openalex.org/W2997111965","https://openalex.org/W3125811234","https://openalex.org/W3125885729","https://openalex.org/W4233054588","https://openalex.org/W4242614415","https://openalex.org/W4298218484","https://openalex.org/W6637680717","https://openalex.org/W6745698687","https://openalex.org/W6752134834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Potential":[0],"earthquake":[1],"precursors":[2,93],"include,":[3],"among":[4],"others,":[5],"electromagnetic":[6],"fields,":[7],"gas":[8],"emissions,":[9],"Land":[10],"Surface":[11,15,19],"Temperature":[12,16,21],"(LST),":[13],"Sea":[14],"(SST),":[17],"and":[18,64,75,78,84,104,109,122,133,153,185,229],"Air":[20],"(SAT)":[22],"anomalies.":[23],"These":[24],"observables":[25],"have":[26],"been":[27],"individually":[28],"studied,":[29],"before":[30,58,94,114],"earthquakes,":[31],"by":[32,174],"many":[33],"researchers.":[34],"The":[35],"ionospheric":[36,56],"studies":[37,189],"concerning":[38],"earthquakes":[39],"(EQs)":[40],"using":[41,203],"magnetic":[42,134,161,171],"data":[43,106,162,172],"from":[44,68,210],"Low":[45],"Earth":[46],"Orbit":[47],"(LEO)":[48],"satellites":[49,77,176],"are":[50,89,140,190],"increasingly":[51],"being":[52],"used":[53],"to":[54,192],"detect":[55],"anomalies":[57,130,200,233],"large":[59],"EQs.":[60,95,237],"Also,":[61],"LST,":[62],"SST,":[63],"SAT":[65],"values":[66],"retrieved":[67],"Moderate":[69],"Resolution":[70],"Imaging":[71],"Spectroradiometer":[72],"(MODIS)":[73],"Terra":[74],"Aqua":[76],"Modern-Era":[79],"Retrospective":[80],"analysis":[81],"for":[82,159],"Research":[83],"Applications":[85],"Version":[86],"2":[87],"(MERRA-2)":[88],"considered":[90,138,212],"as":[91],"physical":[92],"In":[96],"this":[97],"work,":[98],"we":[99,146],"jointly":[100],"analyze":[101],"magnetic,":[102],"MODIS,":[103],"MERRA-2":[105],"in":[107,118,131,177,206,231],"space":[108],"time":[110],"around":[111,217],"the":[112,115,137,148,154,164,170,178,194,211,218,235],"epicenters":[113],"selected":[116],"EQs":[117,166],"Mexico,":[119],"Japan,":[120],"Chile,":[121],"Indonesia.":[123],"Our":[124],"analyses":[125],"present":[126],"interesting":[127],"findings":[128],"where":[129],"temperature":[132],"field,":[135],"preceding":[136,234],"EQs,":[139],"confirmed":[141],"through":[142],"different":[143,207],"methods.":[144],"Particularly,":[145],"utilize":[147],"Fast":[149],"Fourier":[150],"Transform":[151,157],"(FFT)":[152],"Discrete":[155],"Cosine":[156],"(DCT)":[158],"analyzing":[160],"over":[163],"designated":[165],"regions.":[167],"We":[168],"use":[169],"acquired":[173],"Swarm":[175],"top":[179],"side":[180],"ionosphere":[181],"along":[182],"with":[183],"MODIS":[184],"MERRA-2.":[186],"Five":[187],"case":[188],"described":[191],"prove":[193],"effectiveness":[195],"of":[196,215],"our":[197],"analyses.":[198],"Precursory":[199],"were":[201],"observed":[202],"these":[204,224],"methods":[205,225],"anomalous":[208],"days":[209],"four":[213],"regions":[214],"interest":[216],"epicenter.":[219],"It":[220],"is":[221],"concluded":[222],"that":[223],"could":[226],"be":[227],"effective":[228],"reliable":[230],"detecting":[232],"upcoming":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}