{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133431973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060285","title":"MRCC: A Practical Covert Channel Over Monero With Provable Security","display_name":"MRCC: A Practical Covert Channel Over Monero With Provable Security","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133431973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060285","mag":"3133431973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060285","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09356584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09356584.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080507037","display_name":"Zhaozhong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2425-5863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaozhong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2425-5863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014489566","display_name":"Liucheng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-8701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liucheng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-8701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100956729","display_name":"Maozhi Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maozhi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068023011","display_name":"Yin Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-0440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141966","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141966","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.0473,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88597847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"31816","last_page":"31825"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.927410364151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.808501124382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-source","display_name":"Communication source","score":0.7600514888763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.7585415244102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6635103225708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.5536386966705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4717470109462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45510968565940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.43813759088516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.4271208643913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.4243670403957367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.4152422249317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41312775015830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.1829017698764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10178777575492859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.08555731177330017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.927410364151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.808501124382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.7600514888763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.7585415244102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6635103225708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.5536386966705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4717470109462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45510968565940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.43813759088516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.4271208643913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.4243670403957367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.4152422249317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41312775015830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.1829017698764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10178777575492859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.08555731177330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060285","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09356584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae23e519a22a44059e95cc7cc3f7ed8c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae23e519a22a44059e95cc7cc3f7ed8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 31816-31825 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060285","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09356584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1122158477","display_name":"\u8d85\u5947\u5f02\u540c\u6e90\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8430665001","display_name":"\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u79bb\u6563\u5bf9\u6570\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133431973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133431973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108218230","https://openalex.org/W1520041135","https://openalex.org/W1534898272","https://openalex.org/W1549081716","https://openalex.org/W1878907771","https://openalex.org/W1959279725","https://openalex.org/W1981386223","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2045726900","https://openalex.org/W2056524697","https://openalex.org/W2129483619","https://openalex.org/W2129719496","https://openalex.org/W2565287832","https://openalex.org/W2803736556","https://openalex.org/W2888125116","https://openalex.org/W2888372991","https://openalex.org/W2948041999","https://openalex.org/W2964073747","https://openalex.org/W3008121187","https://openalex.org/W3014197012","https://openalex.org/W3099005193","https://openalex.org/W3104102522","https://openalex.org/W4301368458","https://openalex.org/W6631995583","https://openalex.org/W6632934278","https://openalex.org/W6645569672","https://openalex.org/W6751056134","https://openalex.org/W6774243556","https://openalex.org/W6996258171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409612194","https://openalex.org/W4224042389","https://openalex.org/W2082303399","https://openalex.org/W174282171","https://openalex.org/W20460883","https://openalex.org/W1587013156","https://openalex.org/W2255040435","https://openalex.org/W4392755040","https://openalex.org/W4239080508","https://openalex.org/W2326198059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"channels":[1,16,191],"are":[2,136,174],"designed":[3],"to":[4,21,37,95,119,138,210],"protect":[5],"the":[6,10,22,75,83,87,126,129,147,163,185,222],"communication":[7,84],"relationship":[8,127],"of":[9,25,51,89,162,168,187],"sender":[11,130],"and":[12,58,78,112,131,145,166,207,221],"receiver.":[13,132],"Traditional":[14],"covert":[15,42,68,99,114,148,180,190,225],"have":[17],"become":[18],"insecure":[19],"due":[20],"continuous":[23],"improvement":[24],"traffic":[26],"analysis":[27],"techniques.":[28],"In":[29,105,154],"this":[30,106,155,205],"context,":[31],"there":[32],"is":[33,45,208],"an":[34,46],"urgent":[35],"need":[36],"identify":[38,96,139],"new":[39],"approaches":[40,71,91],"for":[41,67,178,189],"channels.":[43,69,226],"Blockchain":[44],"emerging":[47],"technique":[48],"with":[49],"characteristics":[50],"user":[52],"anonymity,":[53],"a":[54,64,110,159,179,193,215],"flooding":[55],"propagation":[56],"mechanism,":[57],"tamper":[59],"resistance,":[60],"which":[61],"make":[62,158,214],"it":[63],"compelling":[65],"platform":[66],"Previous":[70],"applied":[72],"Bitcoin":[73],"as":[74,171,176],"underlying":[76],"blockchain,":[77],"its":[79],"pseudoanonymity":[80],"may":[81],"expose":[82],"relationship.":[85],"Moreover,":[86,133],"reliance":[88],"these":[90,172],"on":[92],"prenegotiated":[93],"labels":[94,135],"transactions":[97],"containing":[98],"messages":[100],"further":[101],"reduced":[102],"their":[103],"concealment.":[104],"work,":[107],"we":[108,157,213],"present":[109],"practical":[111],"secure":[113,209],"channel":[115],"over":[116],"Monero.":[117],"Compared":[118],"Bitcoin,":[120],"Monero's":[121],"full":[122],"anonymity":[123],"efficiently":[124],"protects":[125],"between":[128,218],"no":[134],"employed":[137],"special":[140],"transactions.":[141],"The":[142],"receiver":[143],"filters":[144],"extracts":[146],"message":[149],"using":[150],"his":[151],"private":[152],"key.":[153],"study,":[156],"complete":[160],"assessment":[161],"robustness,":[164],"reliability,":[165],"anti-traceability":[167],"our":[169,202,219],"protocol,":[170],"properties":[173],"regarded":[175],"desirable":[177],"channel.":[181],"We":[182],"also":[183],"formalize":[184],"definition":[186,206],"security":[188],"through":[192],"transaction":[194],"distinguishing":[195],"experiment.":[196],"A":[197],"rigorous":[198],"proof":[199],"shows":[200],"that":[201],"protocol":[203,220],"meets":[204],"use.":[211],"Finally,":[212],"detailed":[216],"comparison":[217],"existing":[223],"blockchain-based":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
