{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130571375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060178","title":"Classification of Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Nodules Based on the Multiresolution 3D DPSECN Model and Semisupervised Clustering","display_name":"Classification of Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Nodules Based on the Multiresolution 3D DPSECN Model and Semisupervised Clustering","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130571375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060178","mag":"3130571375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060178","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09357428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09357428.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063101438","display_name":"Siyuan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-7598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160794","display_name":"Baotou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04t44qh67","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741","https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021901134","display_name":"Rong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7828-7932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103240800","display_name":"Qingqian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-4914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160794","display_name":"Baotou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04t44qh67","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741","https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102643091","display_name":"Yingchun Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31637741","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/044rgx723","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31637741"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160794","display_name":"Baotou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04t44qh67","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingchun Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31637741","https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666723","display_name":"Shijun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6202-8848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105182","display_name":"Zhuhai People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01k1x3b35","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105182"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhuji People\u2019s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China","Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhuji People\u2019s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.0185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87098976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"43397","last_page":"43410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9492999911308289,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.733304500579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6723862886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6522647738456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6438140869140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5193927884101868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.49784302711486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.45207831263542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.44295722246170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23092618584632874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.733304500579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6723862886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6522647738456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6438140869140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5193927884101868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.49784302711486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.45207831263542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.44295722246170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23092618584632874}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060178","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09357428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1d34077c5174d16a165f72083b1daa2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1d34077c5174d16a165f72083b1daa2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 43397-43410 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060178","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09357428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4815807685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020MS06001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130571375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130571375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986649315","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2582142516","https://openalex.org/W2604463720","https://openalex.org/W2613475099","https://openalex.org/W2752517284","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2794187429","https://openalex.org/W2809216229","https://openalex.org/W2914585471","https://openalex.org/W2957148625","https://openalex.org/W2962981269","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964166828","https://openalex.org/W2964183318","https://openalex.org/W2964744899","https://openalex.org/W2979708377","https://openalex.org/W2981313943","https://openalex.org/W3007131888","https://openalex.org/W3010981366","https://openalex.org/W3046387678","https://openalex.org/W3049241783","https://openalex.org/W3081852103","https://openalex.org/W3101294892","https://openalex.org/W3104246147","https://openalex.org/W3136243197","https://openalex.org/W6735920003","https://openalex.org/W6740164494","https://openalex.org/W6766943809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2963346891","https://openalex.org/W3176438653","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856","https://openalex.org/W3010730661","https://openalex.org/W2005234362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,69],"model":[2,40,71,81,179,201],"training":[3],"requires":[4],"a":[5,29,35,61,148,152,234],"large":[6],"number":[7],"of":[8,14,89,115,133,136,173,195,214,219,238],"labeled":[9,15],"samples,":[10,111,137],"but":[11],"the":[12,22,45,75,79,86,90,98,109,113,123,130,139,164,171,192,229],"acquisition":[13],"samples":[16,117],"is":[17,41,72,82,95,126],"time-consuming":[18],"and":[19,50,92,112,120,138,141,188,211,216],"laborious":[20],"in":[21,78],"medical":[23],"field.":[24],"To":[25],"solve":[26],"this":[27],"problem,":[28],"semisupervised":[30,93,166],"clustering":[31,94,167],"algorithm":[32,125,168],"combined":[33],"with":[34,224],"3D":[36,63,153],"convolutional":[37],"neural":[38],"network":[39,70,80,178,200],"proposed":[42,165,177,199,230],"to":[43,84,97,128,185],"improve":[44,191],"classification":[46,193,227,236],"performance":[47,194],"for":[48,108],"benign":[49,140],"malignant":[51,142],"pulmonary":[52,143,186,196,239],"nodules.":[53,197,240],"The":[54,102,159,176,198],"research":[55],"contents":[56],"are":[57,118,145],"as":[58],"follows:":[59],"Firstly,":[60],"multiresolution":[62],"dual":[64,154],"path":[65,155],"squeeze":[66,156],"excitation":[67,157],"deep":[68],"constructed.":[73],"Then,":[74],"feature":[76],"extractor":[77],"used":[83,127],"extract":[85],"high-level":[87],"features":[88],"image,":[91],"applied":[96],"extracted":[99],"image":[100],"features.":[101],"corresponding":[103],"pseudolabels":[104],"can":[105,169,180,189,232],"be":[106],"obtained":[107],"unlabeled":[110,116,174],"categories":[114,132,172],"determined":[119],"utilized.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"oversampling":[124],"balance":[129],"data":[131],"different":[134],"types":[135],"nodules":[144,187],"classified":[146],"by":[147,151],"classifier":[149],"constructed":[150],"network.":[158],"experimental":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"that":[163],"label":[170],"samples.":[175],"learn":[181],"more":[182],"characteristics":[183],"related":[184],"effectively":[190],"was":[202],"tested":[203],"using":[204],"Lung":[205],"Image":[206],"Database":[207],"Consortium":[208],"(LIDC-IDRI)":[209],"dataset,":[210],"an":[212,217],"accuracy":[213],"94.4%":[215],"AUC":[218],"0.931":[220],"were":[221],"obtained.":[222],"Compared":[223],"some":[225],"existing":[226],"models,":[228],"method":[231],"achieve":[233],"better":[235],"effect":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}