{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130755892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059873","title":"Numerical Study and Experimental Validation of Minimum Ignition Energy for Microwave Spark Ignition","display_name":"Numerical Study and Experimental Validation of Minimum Ignition Energy for Microwave Spark Ignition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130755892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059873","mag":"3130755892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059873","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09355158.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09355158.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101831787","display_name":"Yaoyao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-0378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-0378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101439081","display_name":"Liang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-6131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114698","display_name":"Institute of Plasma Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/033cbzv42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210114698"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-6131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114698","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420050","display_name":"Jianhua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-2556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006184996","display_name":"Jiafang Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4112-7369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114698","display_name":"Institute of Plasma Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/033cbzv42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210114698"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiafang Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4112-7369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114698","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69360846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"30654","last_page":"30662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11619","display_name":"Combustion and Detonation Processes","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-ignition-energy","display_name":"Minimum ignition energy","score":0.8505914211273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ignition-system","display_name":"Ignition system","score":0.806333065032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.6394146680831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion","display_name":"Combustion","score":0.6249784231185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mie-scattering","display_name":"Mie scattering","score":0.5950759649276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5296708345413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spark","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","score":0.5260924100875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.4151139557361603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.3960287272930145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.352213978767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.33110833168029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.31788766384124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2970874309539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.17998498678207397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1491629183292389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14556017518043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0696253776550293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104733991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1634682","display_name":"Minimum ignition energy","level":3,"score":0.8505914211273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159063594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q248382","display_name":"Ignition system","level":2,"score":0.806333065032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.6394146680831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.6249784231185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63688654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901737","display_name":"Mie scattering","level":4,"score":0.5950759649276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5296708345413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781215313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493345","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5260924100875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.4151139557361603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3960287272930145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.352213978767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.33110833168029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.31788766384124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2970874309539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.17998498678207397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1491629183292389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14556017518043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0696253776550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059873","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09355158.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53197411db6e4bc5a295d0c065c330dd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53197411db6e4bc5a295d0c065c330dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 30654-30662 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059873","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09355158.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1453995097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YZJJ2020QN9","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1745948445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFA0400602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335203","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130755892.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3130755892.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W941841802","https://openalex.org/W1503054310","https://openalex.org/W1551872673","https://openalex.org/W1562650721","https://openalex.org/W1586040994","https://openalex.org/W1598573375","https://openalex.org/W1988595686","https://openalex.org/W2003994974","https://openalex.org/W2016585736","https://openalex.org/W2059609720","https://openalex.org/W2067961319","https://openalex.org/W2094754424","https://openalex.org/W2100498334","https://openalex.org/W2139279263","https://openalex.org/W2160456562","https://openalex.org/W2222357056","https://openalex.org/W2266713598","https://openalex.org/W2306398686","https://openalex.org/W2312604142","https://openalex.org/W2472201374","https://openalex.org/W2667930844","https://openalex.org/W2672513743","https://openalex.org/W2725377122","https://openalex.org/W2808274501","https://openalex.org/W2809091038","https://openalex.org/W2904359002","https://openalex.org/W2904631403","https://openalex.org/W2916162990","https://openalex.org/W2942883474","https://openalex.org/W2970846899","https://openalex.org/W2976078980","https://openalex.org/W2976540692","https://openalex.org/W2989685014","https://openalex.org/W2991885482","https://openalex.org/W7008856059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087529728","https://openalex.org/W2033017296","https://openalex.org/W2665091464","https://openalex.org/W1987472056","https://openalex.org/W2139279263","https://openalex.org/W3123730621","https://openalex.org/W2334606660","https://openalex.org/W2269664472","https://openalex.org/W2004699300","https://openalex.org/W1993541571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microwave":[0],"plasma":[1],"ignition":[2,15,55,195],"has":[3,65],"the":[4,13,19,31,37,63,72,80,109,131,141,148,152,155,174,177,181,189],"potential":[5],"for":[6,147],"energy":[7,16],"savings":[8],"and":[9,12,18,47,71,95,114,133,171,183],"emission":[10],"reductions,":[11],"minimum":[14,78],"(MIE)":[17],"lean":[20],"limit":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23],"determined":[24],"by":[25],"microwave":[26,33,53,193],"spark":[27,54,194],"plugs":[28],"(MSPs)":[29],"under":[30,140,192],"same":[32,149],"power.":[34],"To":[35],"predict":[36],"relationship":[38,68,179],"among":[39],"electric":[40],"field":[41],"intensity":[42],"(EFI),":[43],"equivalence":[44],"ratio":[45],"(\u03c6)":[46],"MIE,":[48],"a":[49,66,87,103,123,161],"physical":[50],"model":[51],"of":[52,75,82,116,143,157,168],"is":[56,77,97,164,185],"established.":[57],"The":[58,119],"calculation":[59],"results":[60,120],"show":[61],"that":[62,122,167],"MIE":[64,73,156,182],"U-shaped":[67],"with":[69,90,160],"\u03c6,":[70],"value":[74],"methane-air":[76],"at":[79],"point":[81],"\u03c6":[83,144,184],"=":[84,145],"0.7.":[85],"Then,":[86],"novel":[88],"MSP":[89,158],"three":[91],"different":[92],"electrode":[93],"structures":[94],"EFIs":[96],"enabled.":[98],"Finally,":[99],"this":[100,197],"paper":[101],"presents":[102],"combustion":[104,112,117],"performance":[105],"analysis":[106],"focusing":[107],"on":[108,173],"flame":[110,125],"kernel,":[111],"pressure,":[113],"composition":[115],"emissions.":[118],"indicate":[121],"larger":[124],"kernel":[126],"size,":[127],"peak":[128],"pressure":[129],"in":[130,196],"chamber":[132],"higher":[134,162],"fuel":[135],"efficiency":[136],"are":[137],"all":[138],"achieved":[139],"condition":[142],"0.7":[146],"MSP.":[150],"On":[151],"one":[153],"hand,":[154,176],"1":[159],"EFI":[163],"lower":[165],"than":[166],"MSPs":[169],"2":[170],"3;":[172],"other":[175],"experimental":[178],"between":[180],"qualitatively":[186],"similar":[187],"to":[188],"theoretical":[190],"prediction":[191],"paper.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}