{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132928943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059512","title":"Limited Stop Services Design Considering Variable Dwell Time and Operating Capacity Constraints","display_name":"Limited Stop Services Design Considering Variable Dwell Time and Operating Capacity Constraints","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132928943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059512","mag":"3132928943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059512","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354624.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354624.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028393670","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Lemus-Romani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-0315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130474213","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","ror":"https://ror.org/02cafbr77","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jose Lemus-Romani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-0315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011805840","display_name":"Borja Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-3325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","display_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","ror":"https://ror.org/046ffzj20","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borja Alonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Mobility and Railway Engineering Research Group (SUM+Lab), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-3325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Mobility and Railway Engineering Research Group (SUM+Lab), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715239","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Moura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","display_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","ror":"https://ror.org/046ffzj20","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Luis Moura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Mobility and Railway Engineering Research Group (SUM+Lab), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Mobility and Railway Engineering Research Group (SUM+Lab), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041828713","display_name":"Broderick Crawford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-0188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130474213","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","ror":"https://ror.org/02cafbr77","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Broderick Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-0188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089757639","display_name":"Ricardo Soto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-6929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130474213","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","ror":"https://ror.org/02cafbr77","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Soto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-6929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052031397","display_name":"Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2174-0900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I911713783","display_name":"Universidad Diego Portales","ror":"https://ror.org/03gtdcg60","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I911713783"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I911713783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028393670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7766,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78057975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"30359","last_page":"30373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dwell-time","display_name":"Dwell time","score":0.8796399831771851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.6447988748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5971908569335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transit","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","score":0.5379920601844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.48458778858184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4582613408565521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4207687973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.389099657535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.34289443492889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3372041881084442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3219981789588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.22170019149780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19697806239128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12105196714401245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151637689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318064","display_name":"Dwell time","level":2,"score":0.8796399831771851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6447988748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5971908569335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651136","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","level":3,"score":0.5379920601844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.48458778858184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4582613408565521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4207687973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.389099657535553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.34289443492889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3372041881084442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3219981789588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.22170019149780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19697806239128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12105196714401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059512","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354624.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b75a80bab4ef4c46a54fd3beaf1d9768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b75a80bab4ef4c46a54fd3beaf1d9768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 30359-30373 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/23641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10902/23641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400398","display_name":"UCrea (University of Cantabria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access 2021, 9, 30359 - 30373","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059512","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354624.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1692417783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1190129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3548355301","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1171243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338106","funder_display_name":"Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3856816342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1171243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4654127639","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1190129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338106","funder_display_name":"Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7137027094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21191692","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","ror":"https://ror.org/02ap3w078"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338106","display_name":"Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132928943.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132928943.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58562589","https://openalex.org/W591006174","https://openalex.org/W1690653314","https://openalex.org/W1802316727","https://openalex.org/W2003428518","https://openalex.org/W2004596648","https://openalex.org/W2011701403","https://openalex.org/W2012003205","https://openalex.org/W2017028662","https://openalex.org/W2017926125","https://openalex.org/W2033293661","https://openalex.org/W2039518099","https://openalex.org/W2045360816","https://openalex.org/W2056811412","https://openalex.org/W2060772802","https://openalex.org/W2062228041","https://openalex.org/W2064773286","https://openalex.org/W2070282903","https://openalex.org/W2076232801","https://openalex.org/W2092017512","https://openalex.org/W2252941782","https://openalex.org/W2337245347","https://openalex.org/W2522055744","https://openalex.org/W2581799292","https://openalex.org/W2606694194","https://openalex.org/W2738228516","https://openalex.org/W2740926380","https://openalex.org/W2743299839","https://openalex.org/W2758374017","https://openalex.org/W2770472334","https://openalex.org/W2792636368","https://openalex.org/W2887300614","https://openalex.org/W2898362494","https://openalex.org/W2937299417","https://openalex.org/W2955448449","https://openalex.org/W2978250647","https://openalex.org/W2985583348","https://openalex.org/W3167684396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898247383","https://openalex.org/W1977953789","https://openalex.org/W633869025","https://openalex.org/W3085681376","https://openalex.org/W4384341054","https://openalex.org/W2007903413","https://openalex.org/W2118385007","https://openalex.org/W4390507347","https://openalex.org/W3154661772","https://openalex.org/W2106480285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,99],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"optimization":[4,32],"model":[5,60,118,180],"to":[6,75,83,101,119,183],"set":[7],"frequencies,":[8],"vehicle":[9],"capacities,":[10],"required":[11],"fleet":[12],"and":[13,28,88,96,105,109,123,169],"the":[14,25,38,44,59,76,84,117,124,148,152,163,179],"stops":[15,150],"serving":[16],"each":[17],"route":[18],"along":[19],"a":[20,50,102,185],"transit":[21,190],"corridor":[22,191],"which":[23,42],"minimize":[24],"total":[26],"user":[27,110],"operating":[29,107,167],"costs.":[30],"The":[31,55,114],"problem":[33],"is":[34],"solved":[35],"by":[36],"applying":[37],"\u201cBlack":[39],"Hole\u201d":[40],"algorithm,":[41],"imitates":[43],"movement":[45],"of":[46,58,116,134,151,161,189],"stars":[47],"(solutions),":[48],"towards":[49],"black":[51],"hole":[52],"(Best":[53],"solution).":[54],"main":[56],"contributions":[57],"are":[61],"based":[62],"on":[63,69,89],"incorporating":[64,174],"variable":[65,175],"dwell":[66,137,176],"times":[67,80,87,108,138,145,171,177],"depending":[68],"bus":[70,85,97],"stop":[71],"demand":[72,162],"not":[73],"only":[74],"passenger":[77],"perceived":[78,111],"journey":[79,112],"but":[81,142],"also":[82],"cycle":[86],"considering":[90,154],"capacity":[91],"constraints":[92],"in":[93,166,178,181],"both":[94],"vehicles":[95],"tops.":[98],"led":[100],"more":[103,186],"accurate":[104],"realistic":[106,187],"times.":[113],"application":[115],"two":[120],"case":[121],"studies":[122],"sensitivity":[125],"analysis":[126],"carried":[127],"out":[128],"demonstrate":[129],"that":[130],"for":[131],"low":[132],"levels":[133],"demand,":[135],"constant":[136],"can":[139],"be":[140],"assumed":[141],"being":[143],"these":[144],"different":[146,149],"between":[147],"corridor,":[153],"their":[155],"demand.":[156],"However,":[157],"with":[158],"high":[159],"level":[160],"difference":[164],"found":[165],"costs":[168],"travel":[170],"strongly":[172],"recommend":[173],"order":[182],"achieve":[184],"design":[188],"strategies.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}