{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132274000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059498","title":"C-LIENet: A Multi-Context Low-Light Image Enhancement Network","display_name":"C-LIENet: A Multi-Context Low-Light Image Enhancement Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132274000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059498","mag":"3132274000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059498","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354616.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354616.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022214002","display_name":"Praveen Ravirathinam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9211-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Ravirathinam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9211-2258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070219008","display_name":"Divyam Goel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-8954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Divyam Goel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-8954","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020963939","display_name":"J. Jennifer Ranjani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Jennifer Ranjani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-929X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9422,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76202494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"31053","last_page":"31064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7829700708389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.640617847442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.5889648199081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5500006079673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5379882454872131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.47394755482673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4719497263431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.46894097328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4628109037876129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.4137040674686432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40995049476623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30445533990859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15936043858528137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7829700708389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.640617847442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5889648199081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5500006079673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5379882454872131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.47394755482673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4719497263431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.46894097328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4628109037876129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.4137040674686432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40995049476623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30445533990859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15936043858528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059498","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354616.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:32ea180aee6240ce823c41768cce90cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/32ea180aee6240ce823c41768cce90cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 31053-31064 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059498","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354616.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323889","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132274000.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132274000.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1710476689","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2054814429","https://openalex.org/W2071114633","https://openalex.org/W2076205488","https://openalex.org/W2090938122","https://openalex.org/W2116899452","https://openalex.org/W2116973876","https://openalex.org/W2121900453","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2145744030","https://openalex.org/W2150721269","https://openalex.org/W2152161678","https://openalex.org/W2254039850","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2412926690","https://openalex.org/W2468596194","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2566376500","https://openalex.org/W2767030724","https://openalex.org/W2791071401","https://openalex.org/W2798844427","https://openalex.org/W2798876216","https://openalex.org/W2807563922","https://openalex.org/W2887817889","https://openalex.org/W2893333553","https://openalex.org/W2935842779","https://openalex.org/W2949187370","https://openalex.org/W2950335850","https://openalex.org/W2951761893","https://openalex.org/W2963017889","https://openalex.org/W2963466723","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963725279","https://openalex.org/W2963967766","https://openalex.org/W2966092005","https://openalex.org/W2981340568","https://openalex.org/W2990294915","https://openalex.org/W3022336857","https://openalex.org/W3026446890","https://openalex.org/W3048737448","https://openalex.org/W3121661546","https://openalex.org/W4214695428","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W6637568146","https://openalex.org/W6666881064","https://openalex.org/W6746171365","https://openalex.org/W6754146604","https://openalex.org/W6755037456","https://openalex.org/W6758801729","https://openalex.org/W6763226398","https://openalex.org/W6763838908","https://openalex.org/W6766533357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916685473","https://openalex.org/W2055682261","https://openalex.org/W1993363272","https://openalex.org/W2186390138","https://openalex.org/W2060035984","https://openalex.org/W2790129917","https://openalex.org/W2992856432","https://openalex.org/W4206776094","https://openalex.org/W3154920669","https://openalex.org/W3121197456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enhancement":[0],"of":[1,12,48,61,112,190,209],"low-light":[2,71,84,160],"images":[3],"is":[4,74,78,129],"a":[5,82,96,109,132],"challenging":[6],"task":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,22,35,154,186],"the":[10,46,67,104,156,188,191,195,205],"impact":[11,47],"low":[13,15],"brightness,":[14],"contrast,":[16],"and":[17,91,145,165,183,207],"high":[18],"noise.":[19],"The":[20,76,127],"inability":[21],"collect":[23],"natural":[24],"labeled":[25],"data":[26],"intensifies":[27],"this":[28,37,54,202],"problem":[29,38],"further.":[30],"Many":[31],"researchers":[32],"have":[33,169],"attempted":[34],"solve":[36,66],"using":[39,131],"learning-based":[40],"approaches;":[41],"however,":[42],"most":[43],"models":[44],"ignore":[45],"noise":[49],"in":[50,70,201],"low-lit":[51],"images.":[52,93],"In":[53],"paper,":[55],"an":[56],"encoder-decoder":[57],"architecture,":[58],"made":[59],"up":[60],"separable":[62,114,122],"convolution":[63],"layers":[64],"that":[65,137],"issues":[68],"encountered":[69],"image":[72,85,161],"enhancement,":[73],"proposed.":[75],"architecture":[77],"trained":[79],"end-to-end":[80],"on":[81,139],"custom":[83],"dataset":[86],"(LID),":[87],"comprising":[88],"both":[89],"clean":[90],"noisy":[92,164],"We":[94,149,168],"introduce":[95],"unique":[97],"multi-context":[98],"feature":[99,110,118,125],"extraction":[100,119],"module":[101],"(MC-FEM)":[102],"where":[103],"input":[105],"first":[106],"passes":[107],"through":[108],"pyramid":[111],"dilated":[113],"convolutions":[115,123],"for":[116,124,159,212],"hierarchical-context":[117],"followed":[120],"by":[121],"compression.":[126],"model":[128,158,211],"optimized":[130],"novel":[133],"three-part":[134],"loss":[135],"function":[136],"focuses":[138],"high-level":[140],"contextual":[141],"features,":[142],"structural":[143,176],"similarity,":[144],"patch-wise":[146],"local":[147],"information.":[148],"conducted":[150],"several":[151],"ablation":[152],"studies":[153],"determine":[155],"optimal":[157],"enhancement":[162],"under":[163],"noiseless":[166],"conditions.":[167],"used":[170],"performance":[171],"metrics":[172],"like":[173],"peak-signal-to-noise":[174],"ratio,":[175],"similarity":[177],"index":[178],"matrix,":[179],"visual":[180],"information":[181],"fidelity,":[182],"average":[184],"brightness":[185],"demonstrate":[187],"superiority":[189],"proposed":[192],"work":[193],"against":[194],"state-of-the-art":[196],"algorithms.":[197],"Qualitative":[198],"results":[199],"presented":[200],"paper":[203],"prove":[204],"strength":[206],"suitability":[208],"our":[210],"real-time":[213],"applications.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
