{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132222157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059248","title":"A Collision Risk Identification Method for Autonomous Ships Based on Field Theory","display_name":"A Collision Risk Identification Method for Autonomous Ships Based on Field Theory","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132222157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059248","mag":"3132222157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059248","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354148.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354148.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030085404","display_name":"Zhenxing Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-0616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenxing Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762331","display_name":"Yingjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-3610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693330","display_name":"Shaobo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-4333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaobo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030085404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.6438,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92454551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"30539","last_page":"30550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.832737922668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7076594829559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6663945913314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.6558349132537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5542631149291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superposition-principle","display_name":"Superposition principle","score":0.5165942907333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5066609978675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-identification-system","display_name":"Automatic Identification System","score":0.4667046070098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4522257447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3709428012371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.20974665880203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16445419192314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11781087517738342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.832737922668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7076594829559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6663945913314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.6558349132537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5542631149291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.5165942907333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5066609978675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146997752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787197","display_name":"Automatic Identification System","level":2,"score":0.4667046070098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4522257447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3709428012371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.20974665880203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16445419192314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11781087517738342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059248","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354148.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fed84b0ae10c4a6b810e8b261e2158cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fed84b0ae10c4a6b810e8b261e2158cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 30539-30550 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3059248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3059248","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09354148.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2173000292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132019313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2346642657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XLYC1902071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2551192276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XLYC1902071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3409287049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132019313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","funder_display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4488687412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51679025,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G563293144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51679025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7807323129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XLYC1902071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","funder_display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8239776477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132019313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8324547653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51679025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G835458979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51679025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","funder_display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329895","display_name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132222157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132222157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W652797639","https://openalex.org/W1992085841","https://openalex.org/W2005987773","https://openalex.org/W2007364060","https://openalex.org/W2023331968","https://openalex.org/W2044993077","https://openalex.org/W2073122481","https://openalex.org/W2103030400","https://openalex.org/W2113640907","https://openalex.org/W2123631010","https://openalex.org/W2128706228","https://openalex.org/W2136001953","https://openalex.org/W2149137843","https://openalex.org/W2149441069","https://openalex.org/W2160344395","https://openalex.org/W2167328406","https://openalex.org/W2388951889","https://openalex.org/W2514978391","https://openalex.org/W2555177964","https://openalex.org/W2568098953","https://openalex.org/W2617376550","https://openalex.org/W2759597936","https://openalex.org/W2760265646","https://openalex.org/W2765701704","https://openalex.org/W2805185555","https://openalex.org/W2883744436","https://openalex.org/W2883943797","https://openalex.org/W2890702330","https://openalex.org/W2901325952","https://openalex.org/W2911006170","https://openalex.org/W2944353629","https://openalex.org/W2954213537","https://openalex.org/W2982573749","https://openalex.org/W3009301040","https://openalex.org/W3009316719","https://openalex.org/W3009456675","https://openalex.org/W3011748485","https://openalex.org/W3015623323","https://openalex.org/W3042939280","https://openalex.org/W3080522899","https://openalex.org/W3092111448","https://openalex.org/W4233452110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2333437357","https://openalex.org/W1819938260","https://openalex.org/W2340892746","https://openalex.org/W3163022373","https://openalex.org/W3005999311","https://openalex.org/W3049254908","https://openalex.org/W2326520639","https://openalex.org/W4389251286","https://openalex.org/W4285343775","https://openalex.org/W2385928396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collision":[0],"risk":[1,11,36,75,118,129,159],"identification":[2,37,160],"is":[3,77,99],"necessary":[4],"for":[5,143,155],"autonomous":[6,145],"ships":[7],"to":[8,55],"recognize":[9],"the":[10,19,44,48,57,65,69,73,81,87,108,116,122,127,140,144,148,162],"when":[12],"facing":[13],"different":[14],"encounter":[15],"situations":[16],"and":[17,68,94,133],"make":[18],"proper":[20],"collision":[21,29,35,128,158],"avoidance":[22],"decision.":[23],"For":[24],"achieving":[25],"quantitative":[26],"assessment":[27,119],"of":[28,51,71,96,115],"risk,":[30],"this":[31,97],"paper":[32],"proposed":[33,109],"a":[34,135,152],"method":[38,45,110],"based":[39,63],"on":[40,64,137],"field":[41,66,76,88],"theory.":[42],"Specifically,":[43],"first":[46],"combines":[47],"uncertainty":[49],"model":[50],"ship":[52,59,74,82],"position":[53],"prediction":[54],"improve":[56],"quaternion":[58],"domain":[60,83],"(QSD).":[61],"Then,":[62],"theory":[67],"situation":[70],"encounters,":[72],"constructed,":[78],"which":[79],"transform":[80],"overlapping":[84],"index":[85],"into":[86],"energy":[89],"superposition":[90],"problem.":[91],"The":[92,104],"validation":[93],"superiority":[95],"approach":[98,123,149],"examined":[100],"by":[101],"simulation":[102],"studies.":[103],"results":[105],"demonstrate":[106],"that":[107],"can":[111,124],"overcome":[112],"some":[113],"deficiencies":[114],"conventional":[117],"methods.":[120],"Moreover,":[121],"effectively":[125],"identify":[126],"in":[130,157,161],"real":[131],"time":[132],"provide":[134],"reference":[136],"furthering":[138],"enhance":[139],"navigational":[141],"safety":[142],"ships.":[146],"Therefore,":[147],"gives":[150],"it":[151],"significant":[153],"potential":[154],"use":[156],"future.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
