{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128066778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3058081","title":"Near-Optimal PI Controllers of STATCOM for Efficient Hybrid Renewable Power System","display_name":"Near-Optimal PI Controllers of STATCOM for Efficient Hybrid Renewable Power System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128066778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3058081","mag":"3128066778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3058081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3058081","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350636.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350636.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030942408","display_name":"Mohamed I. Mosaad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-5455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113133037","display_name":"Yanbu University College","ror":"https://ror.org/011adk382","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113133037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600957","display_name":"Yanbu Industrial College","ror":"https://ror.org/01sxpmm41","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600957"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed I. Mosaad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yanbu Industrial College (YIC), Yanbu, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-5455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yanbu Industrial College (YIC), Yanbu, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113133037","https://openalex.org/I4400600957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029782611","display_name":"Haitham S. Ramadan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-2071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitham Saad Mohamed Ramadan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt","ISTHY, l\u2019Institut International sur le Stockage de l\u2019Hydrog\u00e8ne, Meroux-Moval, France","ISTHY, l'Institut International sur le Stockage de l'Hydrog\u00e8ne, Meroux-Moval, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-2071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISTHY, l\u2019Institut International sur le Stockage de l\u2019Hydrog\u00e8ne, Meroux-Moval, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISTHY, l'Institut International sur le Stockage de l'Hydrog\u00e8ne, Meroux-Moval, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072761944","display_name":"Mansour Aljohani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-1367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113133037","display_name":"Yanbu University College","ror":"https://ror.org/011adk382","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113133037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600957","display_name":"Yanbu Industrial College","ror":"https://ror.org/01sxpmm41","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600957"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansour Aljohani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yanbu Industrial College (YIC), Yanbu, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-1367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yanbu Industrial College (YIC), Yanbu, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113133037","https://openalex.org/I4400600957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035804385","display_name":"Mohamed F. Elnaggar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3082-1171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed F. El-Naggar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045071979","display_name":"Sherif S. M. Ghoneim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9387-1950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherif S. M. Ghoneim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9387-1950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030942408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113133037","https://openalex.org/I4400600957"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":13.1833,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99297104,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"34119","last_page":"34130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6579143404960632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6173524856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.598597526550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-system","display_name":"Hybrid system","score":0.5789003968238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.5672915577888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-power","display_name":"Hybrid power","score":0.5624368190765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5452209115028381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5043140649795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-var-compensator","display_name":"Static VAR compensator","score":0.4449102580547333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.44046008586883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3831888437271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3195880055427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22519221901893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.12728095054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11867177486419678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6579143404960632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6173524856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.598597526550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.5789003968238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5672915577888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86155754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13636979","display_name":"Hybrid power","level":3,"score":0.5624368190765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5452209115028381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5043140649795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10349047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839922","display_name":"Static VAR compensator","level":4,"score":0.4449102580547333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.44046008586883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3831888437271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3195880055427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22519221901893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.12728095054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11867177486419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3058081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3058081","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350636.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d9e84e49abb14bd3b2bb9e56b2759592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d9e84e49abb14bd3b2bb9e56b2759592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 34119-34130 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3058081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3058081","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350636.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G287866864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/34","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7299194679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128066778.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128066778.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1650546411","https://openalex.org/W1973613330","https://openalex.org/W1980601088","https://openalex.org/W1984780575","https://openalex.org/W2006954215","https://openalex.org/W2054585241","https://openalex.org/W2059178402","https://openalex.org/W2117684331","https://openalex.org/W2119823903","https://openalex.org/W2126942350","https://openalex.org/W2130552568","https://openalex.org/W2163420770","https://openalex.org/W2327925931","https://openalex.org/W2339082786","https://openalex.org/W2346990450","https://openalex.org/W2540435291","https://openalex.org/W2747643306","https://openalex.org/W2757316468","https://openalex.org/W2762290139","https://openalex.org/W2792574369","https://openalex.org/W2793061097","https://openalex.org/W2793358686","https://openalex.org/W2809147621","https://openalex.org/W2889042645","https://openalex.org/W2897378082","https://openalex.org/W2913758282","https://openalex.org/W2914046638","https://openalex.org/W2958174408","https://openalex.org/W2965910479","https://openalex.org/W2996656867","https://openalex.org/W3006396827","https://openalex.org/W3006874902","https://openalex.org/W3033135500","https://openalex.org/W3042708122","https://openalex.org/W3047940729","https://openalex.org/W3082977883","https://openalex.org/W3089431418","https://openalex.org/W3105179419","https://openalex.org/W4244327818","https://openalex.org/W6637108804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243748485","https://openalex.org/W2533441421","https://openalex.org/W2623802241","https://openalex.org/W2362276406","https://openalex.org/W4200166131","https://openalex.org/W2389590970","https://openalex.org/W2079769526","https://openalex.org/W2358941880","https://openalex.org/W2335210240","https://openalex.org/W2364948576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Connecting":[0],"different":[1],"renewable":[2],"energy":[3,51],"sources":[4],"(RESs)":[5],"to":[6,14,23],"the":[7,16,30,40,46,58,71,80,90,106,116,123,126,137,142,145,153,176,181,190,193,196,201],"electrical":[8],"grids":[9],"is":[10,85,130],"presently":[11],"being":[12],"urged":[13],"fulfill":[15],"enormous":[17],"need":[18],"for":[19,87,195],"electric":[20],"power":[21,139],"and":[22,98,104,125,144,180],"decrease":[24],"traditional":[25],"sources'":[26],"ecological":[27],"related":[28],"issues,":[29],"so-called":[31],"hybrid":[32,36,72,94,146],"systems.":[33],"Unfortunately,":[34],"these":[35,162],"systems":[37,53],"suffer":[38],"from":[39,70],"possible":[41],"negative":[42],"environmental":[43],"impacts":[44],"of":[45,92,109,118,192,200],"wind":[47,50,102],"gusts":[48,103],"in":[49],"conversion":[52],"(WECSs)":[54],"that":[55],"may":[56,66],"degrade":[57],"overall":[59],"system":[60,147],"performance.":[61],"Additionally,":[62],"various":[63],"severe":[64],"faults":[65],"disconnect":[67],"some":[68],"RESs":[69,110,124],"system,":[73,95],"like":[74],"three-phase":[75,112],"faults.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"static":[81],"synchronous":[82],"compensator":[83],"(STATCOM)":[84],"considered":[86],"both":[88],"improving":[89],"performance":[91,179],"a":[93],"contains":[96],"WECS":[97],"photovoltaics":[99],"(PVs)":[100],"against":[101],"maintaining":[105],"continuous":[107],"operations":[108],"during":[111],"fault":[113],"occur":[114],"at":[115,148,155],"point":[117],"common":[119],"coupling":[120],"(PCC)":[121],"between":[122,141,175],"grid.":[127],"The":[128,172],"STATCOM":[129,143],"stimulated":[131],"by":[132],"two":[133,163],"PI":[134,164,202],"controllers":[135,165],"regulating":[136,152],"reactive":[138],"flow":[140],"PCC":[149],"and,":[150],"consequently,":[151],"voltage":[154],"PCC.":[156],"A":[157],"metaheuristic":[158],"optimizer":[159],"optimally":[160],"schedules":[161],"based":[166],"on":[167],"whale":[168],"optimization":[169,184,187],"algorithm":[170,188],"(WOA).":[171],"impartial":[173],"comparison":[174],"WOA":[177,194],"dynamic":[178],"particle":[182],"swarm":[183],"as":[185],"another":[186],"verifies":[189],"efficiency":[191],"near-optimal":[197],"gain":[198],"scheduling":[199],"controller":[203],"gains.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}