{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126390605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057931","title":"FESD: An Approach for Biometric Human Footprint Matching Using Fuzzy Ensemble Learning","display_name":"FESD: An Approach for Biometric Human Footprint Matching Using Fuzzy Ensemble Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126390605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057931","mag":"3126390605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3057931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057931","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350265.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350265.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084680817","display_name":"Shakila Basheer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-9560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shakila Basheer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-9560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037151716","display_name":"Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263076","display_name":"Amity University Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/027sha433","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202","https://openalex.org/I4405263076"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-978X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263076"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015205527","display_name":"Surbhi Bhatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-6568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surbhi Bhatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021970406","display_name":"Sipi Dubey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-3816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800818028","display_name":"Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdfg707","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800818028"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sipi Dubey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RCET Bhilai, CSVTU Bhilai, Bhilai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RCET Bhilai, CSVTU Bhilai, Bhilai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800818028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085796013","display_name":"G. R. Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-4591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132516330","display_name":"Myanmar Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038smxt70","country_code":"MM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132516330"]}],"countries":["MM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. R. Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Myanmar Institute of Information Technology, Mandalay, Myanmar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-4591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Myanmar Institute of Information Technology, Mandalay, Myanmar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132516330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.4653,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9527953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"26641","last_page":"26663"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8900614380836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7513860464096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.6875820755958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6581059694290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5508846044540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5504431128501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5495256185531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.536544144153595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5209856629371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.46817415952682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.4598811864852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4314075708389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33941930532455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12384265661239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11474117636680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08329537510871887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8900614380836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7513860464096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.6875820755958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6581059694290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5508846044540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5504431128501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5495256185531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.536544144153595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5209856629371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.46817415952682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.4598811864852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4314075708389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33941930532455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12384265661239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11474117636680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08329537510871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3057931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057931","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350265.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d8a2714d1a240db84c48fe5d10f42db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d8a2714d1a240db84c48fe5d10f42db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 26641-26663 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3057931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057931","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350265.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337220","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126390605.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126390605.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92921466","https://openalex.org/W1490099233","https://openalex.org/W1497227544","https://openalex.org/W1574488200","https://openalex.org/W1967979390","https://openalex.org/W1979007337","https://openalex.org/W1988378196","https://openalex.org/W1992176519","https://openalex.org/W2003021504","https://openalex.org/W2036427351","https://openalex.org/W2042328511","https://openalex.org/W2050712011","https://openalex.org/W2063424920","https://openalex.org/W2069918013","https://openalex.org/W2079325629","https://openalex.org/W2087038856","https://openalex.org/W2093367367","https://openalex.org/W2103220221","https://openalex.org/W2103253443","https://openalex.org/W2108899564","https://openalex.org/W2119990031","https://openalex.org/W2122612371","https://openalex.org/W2138985741","https://openalex.org/W2139610293","https://openalex.org/W2143656252","https://openalex.org/W2157644831","https://openalex.org/W2158359334","https://openalex.org/W2159444658","https://openalex.org/W2183985799","https://openalex.org/W2187225037","https://openalex.org/W2200047037","https://openalex.org/W2475148693","https://openalex.org/W2477199527","https://openalex.org/W2489201271","https://openalex.org/W2526579041","https://openalex.org/W2738861947","https://openalex.org/W2793083112","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2982394314","https://openalex.org/W2990989869","https://openalex.org/W2994675172","https://openalex.org/W3027332164","https://openalex.org/W3047919650","https://openalex.org/W3048334659","https://openalex.org/W3049313961","https://openalex.org/W3140461181","https://openalex.org/W3152157565","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4224313544","https://openalex.org/W4230846333","https://openalex.org/W4245803145","https://openalex.org/W4249749961","https://openalex.org/W6629874956","https://openalex.org/W6686743688","https://openalex.org/W6727730479","https://openalex.org/W6769329214","https://openalex.org/W6810439356","https://openalex.org/W6833900294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W1980381208","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W2765947008","https://openalex.org/W4233349824","https://openalex.org/W4200422973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biometric":[0],"traits":[1],"such":[2,67,91],"as":[3,68,222,239],"fingerprint,":[4],"retina":[5],"scan,":[6],"and":[7,21,38,75,158,193,277],"palm-prints":[8],"are":[9,139],"used":[10],"to":[11,36,51,84,106,115,143,167,244,271],"identify":[12],"a":[13,53,86,245],"person":[14,26,54],"at":[15,226,231],"attendance":[16],"monitoring,":[17],"banking,":[18],"passport,":[19],"travel,":[20],"many":[22],"other":[23],"applications.":[24],"Biometric-based":[25],"identification":[27,252],"is":[28,48,82,104,234],"the":[29,126,145,169,184,194,205,209,218,235,251,256,265],"only":[30],"method":[31,129],"that":[32],"never":[33],"changes":[34],"according":[35],"time,":[37],"no":[39],"one":[40,49],"can":[41],"copy":[42],"it":[43],"without":[44],"knowledge.":[45],"Footprint-based":[46],"biometric":[47,88,270],"way":[50],"recognize":[52],"based":[55],"on":[56],"different":[57,248],"features":[58],"associated":[59],"with":[60,136,260],"human":[61,171],"footprints.":[62],"For":[63],"example,":[64],"some":[65],"places,":[66],"airports,":[69],"nanotechnology":[70],"laboratories,":[71],"silicon":[72],"industries,":[73],"temples,":[74],"public":[76],"areas,":[77],"require":[78],"high":[79,92],"security.":[80],"It":[81,254],"necessary":[83],"add":[85,116],"footprint-based":[87,102],"trait":[89],"for":[90,119,130,250,268],"alert":[93],"areas.":[94],"The":[95,110,122,174],"number":[96],"of":[97,182,191,200,212,220,237,247,258],"subjects":[98,118,135,262],"taken":[99,140],"by":[100,263],"existing":[101,146],"methods":[103,147],"limited":[105],"very":[107],"few":[108],"subjects.":[109],"above":[111],"research":[112],"gaps":[113],"motivate":[114],"more":[117],"this":[120],"study.":[121],"proposed":[123],"algorithm":[124],"utilizes":[125],"fuzzy":[127],"logic-based":[128],"personal":[131],"identification.":[132],"Considerably":[133],"220":[134,261],"temporal":[137],"aspects":[138],"into":[141],"account":[142],"fill":[144],"gap.":[148],"Three":[149],"approaches,":[150],"Fine":[151,155,175],"Gaussian":[152,176],"SVM":[153,177],"(FSVM),":[154],"KNN":[156],"(FKNN),":[157],"Fuzzy":[159],"Ensemble":[160],"Subspace":[161],"Discriminant":[162],"(FESD),":[163],"have":[164],"been":[165],"utilized":[166],"create":[168],"enhanced":[170],"footprint":[172,269],"matcher.":[173],"approach":[178,186,196,203],"exhibits":[179],"an":[180,189,198],"accuracy":[181,190,199,211,276],"84.7%,":[183],"FKNN":[185],"results":[187],"in":[188],"92.3%,":[192],"FESD":[195,202],"gives":[197],"98.89%.":[201],"rectifies":[204],"recognition":[206,259],"rate(to":[207],"reach":[208],"required":[210],"98.88%)":[213],"False":[214,228],"Match":[215],"Rate":[216,230],"(FMR,":[217],"rate":[219,236],"falsely":[221,238],"genuine":[223,242],"classified":[224,241],"imposters)":[225],"0.01,":[227],"Non-Match":[229],"0.093":[232],"which":[233],"imposter":[240],"users)":[243],"set":[246],"matchers":[249],"task.":[253],"improves":[255],"speed":[257],"implementing":[264],"prototype":[266],"schemes":[267],"evaluate":[272],"system":[273],"properties,":[274],"including":[275],"performance.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}