{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128039362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057862","title":"A Low-Cost and Fast Vehicle Detection Algorithm With a Monocular Camera for Adaptive Driving Beam Systems","display_name":"A Low-Cost and Fast Vehicle Detection Algorithm With a Monocular Camera for Adaptive Driving Beam Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128039362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057862","mag":"3128039362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3057862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057862","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350259.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350259.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103095695","display_name":"Shanghong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-5174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shanghong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-5174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063388245","display_name":"Linhui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-9340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linhui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-9340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103095695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2608,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81389306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"26147","last_page":"26155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.728214681148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6136110424995422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5551766157150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headlamp","display_name":"Headlamp","score":0.5120452046394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3422580361366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3396338224411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17039352655410767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.728214681148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6136110424995422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5551766157150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777884842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869713","display_name":"Headlamp","level":2,"score":0.5120452046394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3422580361366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3396338224411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17039352655410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3057862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057862","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350259.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c129e30401d64e9ea0ab6b10861e691d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c129e30401d64e9ea0ab6b10861e691d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 26147-26155 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3057862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057862","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09350259.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7767613414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8493246457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2019F018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128039362.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128039362.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968850857","https://openalex.org/W2026072547","https://openalex.org/W2042219361","https://openalex.org/W2044764873","https://openalex.org/W2047177684","https://openalex.org/W2080801496","https://openalex.org/W2102661631","https://openalex.org/W2127782573","https://openalex.org/W2128254161","https://openalex.org/W2161086211","https://openalex.org/W2161526884","https://openalex.org/W2276135049","https://openalex.org/W2551797136","https://openalex.org/W2793537036","https://openalex.org/W2899246346","https://openalex.org/W2952195555","https://openalex.org/W2965620582","https://openalex.org/W2978105390","https://openalex.org/W3011918519","https://openalex.org/W6694772651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,67,126,145,205,231],"adaptive":[1,28,80,250],"driving":[2,29,81,227,251],"beam":[3,30,82,252],"headlamp":[4],"system":[5,31,83],"is":[6,32,150,195,217],"helpful":[7],"to":[8,33,111,137,157,177,210,245],"solve":[9],"the":[10,16,27,37,75,79,86,90,100,113,118,132,139,143,159,164,169,179,188,199,214,236,246,255,270],"traffic":[11],"safety":[12],"problems":[13],"caused":[14],"by":[15,63,152],"abuse":[17],"of":[18,78,89,131,142,147,249,269],"high":[19,240],"beams":[20],"at":[21,39],"night.":[22],"fundamental":[24],"problem":[25],"for":[26,43,55,73,197],"detect":[34],"and":[35,52,57,84,128,162,172,186,213,243,262],"track":[36,178],"vehicles":[38,226],"specific":[40,124,229],"night":[41],"environment":[42],"light":[44],"shape":[45],"control.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"a":[50,64,153,220],"new":[51],"efficient":[53],"algorithm":[54,119,171,237,257],"detecting":[56],"tracking":[58],"based":[59],"on":[60,123,224],"video":[61,102,115,216],"collected":[62],"low-cost":[65,221],"camera.":[66,125],"related":[68],"automobile":[69],"regulations":[70,212],"are":[71,109,135,175,207],"analyzed":[72],"classifying":[74],"application":[76],"scenarios":[77],"summarizing":[85],"performance":[87],"requirements":[88],"algorithm.":[91],"A":[92],"standard":[93],"CMOS":[94],"camera":[95,222],"mounted":[96,223],"behind":[97],"windshield":[98],"captures":[99],"test":[101,215,225],"from":[103,219],"different":[104],"scenarios.":[105,230],"Some":[106],"preprocessing":[107],"approaches":[108],"designed":[110,208],"optimize":[112],"captured":[114],"so":[116],"that":[117,235],"can":[120,238,263],"work":[121],"independently":[122],"color":[127],"morphological":[129],"characteristics":[130],"rear":[133,140,148,160],"lights":[134,149],"utilized":[136],"extract":[138],"lamps":[141,161],"vehicle.":[144,271],"symmetry":[146],"checked":[151],"correlation":[154],"coefficient":[155],"method":[156,194],"pair":[158],"determine":[163],"vehicle":[165,200],"ahead":[166],"preliminary.":[167],"Then,":[168],"Hungarian":[170],"Kalman":[173],"filter":[174],"performed":[176],"multiple":[180],"occurrences":[181],"in":[182,202,228,266],"two":[183],"consecutive":[184],"frames":[185],"correct":[187],"detection":[189,241],"results.":[190],"Finally,":[191],"an":[192],"estimation":[193],"given":[196],"calculating":[198],"position":[201],"real":[203],"world.":[204],"experiments":[206],"according":[209],"referred":[211],"obtained":[218],"experimental":[232],"results":[233],"demonstrate":[234],"get":[239],"rates":[242],"adaptability":[244],"working":[247],"condition":[248],"system.":[253],"Moreover,":[254],"proposed":[256],"has":[258],"low":[259],"time":[260],"cost":[261],"be":[264],"applied":[265],"embedded":[267],"devices":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}