{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128773947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057369","title":"Exploiting the Back-Gate Biasing Technique as a Countermeasure Against Power Analysis Attacks","display_name":"Exploiting the Back-Gate Biasing Technique as a Countermeasure Against Power Analysis Attacks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128773947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057369","mag":"3128773947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3057369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057369","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09348887.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09348887.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061203663","display_name":"Ba-Anh Dao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-6398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155035","display_name":"Academy of Cryptography Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/05nfbnp91","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155035"]}],"countries":["JP","VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ba-Anh Dao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Cryptography Techniques (ACT), Hanoi, Vietnam","Department of Information and Network Engineering, University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Cryptography Techniques (ACT), Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155035"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Network Engineering, University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025387024","display_name":"Trong-Thuc Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trong-Thuc Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Network Engineering, University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan","National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Network Engineering, University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079494474","display_name":"Anh-Tien Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9052-4796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155035","display_name":"Academy of Cryptography Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/05nfbnp91","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155035"]}],"countries":["JP","VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anh-Tien Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Cryptography Techniques (ACT), Hanoi, Vietnam","Department of Information and Network Engineering, University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Cryptography Techniques (ACT), Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155035"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Network Engineering, University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102897632","display_name":"Akira Tsukamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3339-7177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Tsukamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067274985","display_name":"Kuniyasu Suzaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0912-0087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuniyasu Suzaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan","Technology Research Association of Secure IoT Edge Application based on RISC-V Open Architecture (TRASIO), Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Research Association of Secure IoT Edge Application based on RISC-V Open Architecture (TRASIO), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042912660","display_name":"Cong\u2010Kha Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-4919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong-Kha Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Network Engineering, University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Network Engineering, University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061203663"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979","https://openalex.org/I4210155035"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7676,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87094719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"24768","last_page":"24786"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.7905848026275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biasing","display_name":"Biasing","score":0.6293384432792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.617664635181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5479238033294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.500497579574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.460582435131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35626792907714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3092854619026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.27993595600128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.1709495186805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.15669110417366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12901288270950317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.7905848026275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20254490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719550","display_name":"Biasing","level":3,"score":0.6293384432792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.617664635181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5479238033294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.500497579574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.460582435131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35626792907714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3092854619026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.27993595600128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.1709495186805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.15669110417366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12901288270950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3057369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057369","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09348887.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cfd28f0917ef479f9087e8b716b92c72","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cfd28f0917ef479f9087e8b716b92c72","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 24768-24786 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3057369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3057369","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09348887.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321034","display_name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/0055k7a87"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128773947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128773947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25593801","https://openalex.org/W44228360","https://openalex.org/W1533121298","https://openalex.org/W1536793196","https://openalex.org/W1540528537","https://openalex.org/W1548656471","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1564536482","https://openalex.org/W1569151289","https://openalex.org/W1583916291","https://openalex.org/W1595155753","https://openalex.org/W1602420333","https://openalex.org/W1602453119","https://openalex.org/W1607006990","https://openalex.org/W1752847028","https://openalex.org/W1897761346","https://openalex.org/W1989740574","https://openalex.org/W2085047356","https://openalex.org/W2096490242","https://openalex.org/W2111112046","https://openalex.org/W2117082663","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2169239906","https://openalex.org/W2512792755","https://openalex.org/W2560982508","https://openalex.org/W2592705047","https://openalex.org/W2603502540","https://openalex.org/W2778408454","https://openalex.org/W2783000584","https://openalex.org/W2794898833","https://openalex.org/W2794952452","https://openalex.org/W2799920367","https://openalex.org/W2891024670","https://openalex.org/W2921643410","https://openalex.org/W2923594358","https://openalex.org/W2972319298","https://openalex.org/W3008474499","https://openalex.org/W3025694286","https://openalex.org/W3036199712","https://openalex.org/W3092543472","https://openalex.org/W4246957851","https://openalex.org/W4251361495","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6635937959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378749186","https://openalex.org/W2364088131","https://openalex.org/W2362741838","https://openalex.org/W622044715","https://openalex.org/W3010323642","https://openalex.org/W4287883624","https://openalex.org/W2350438938","https://openalex.org/W2461502237","https://openalex.org/W1527460828","https://openalex.org/W2542262576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"depleted":[1],"silicon-on-insulator":[2],"(FD-SOI)":[3],"technology":[4,19],"is":[5,123,131,141,191,209],"renowned":[6],"for":[7,23],"its":[8,113],"back-gate":[9,32,44,101,129,148,185,204],"bias":[10,130,149,186,205],"voltage":[11],"controllability.":[12],"It":[13],"allows":[14],"devices":[15],"fabricated":[16],"with":[17,30,89,151],"FD-SOI":[18],"to":[20,77,115,120,133,162,217],"be":[21,181],"optimized":[22],"low":[24,135],"power":[25,51,61,136,159,214],"consumption":[26],"or":[27],"high":[28],"performance":[29,109],"proper":[31],"biases,":[33],"depending":[34],"on":[35,68],"the":[36,43,79,106,147,164,173,184,188,211,219],"required":[37,161,216],"application.":[38],"This":[39],"article":[40],"proposes":[41],"using":[42,99],"biasing":[45],"technique":[46,150],"in":[47,172],"novel":[48],"countermeasures":[49],"against":[50],"analysis":[52,62],"attacks.":[53,117],"Theoretical":[54],"explanations":[55],"are":[56,75],"discussed,":[57],"and":[58],"realistic":[59],"differential":[60],"(DPA)":[63],"attacks,":[64],"targeting":[65],"AES-128":[66],"encryption":[67],"a":[69,127,152,201],"65-nm":[70],"STOB":[71],"32-bit":[72],"RISC-V":[73],"microcontroller,":[74],"conducted":[76],"justify":[78],"proposed":[80],"idea.":[81],"The":[82,138,156],"experimental":[83],"results":[84],"show":[85],"that":[86],"when":[87,126,145,183],"compared":[88],"applying":[90,93],"no":[91],"bias,":[92,102],"our":[94,197],"first":[95],"proposal,":[96],"which":[97],"involves":[98],"forward":[100],"not":[103],"only":[104],"improves":[105],"test":[107],"device":[108],"but":[110],"also":[111],"enhances":[112],"resistance":[114,140,179],"DPA":[116,121,139,178],"Moreover,":[118],"vulnerability":[119],"attacks":[122],"kept":[124],"unchanged":[125],"reverse":[128],"applied":[132],"achieve":[134],"consumption.":[137],"even":[142],"more":[143],"vital":[144],"combining":[146],"lower":[153],"supply":[154],"voltage.":[155],"number":[157,212],"of":[158,187,200,213],"traces":[160,215],"retrieve":[163,218],"secret":[165,220],"key":[166,221],"successfully":[167,222],"increases":[168,224],"by":[169,196,225],"14.5":[170],"times":[171],"best":[174],"case.":[175],"Even":[176],"better":[177],"can":[180],"obtained":[182],"targeted":[189],"microcontroller":[190],"dynamically":[192],"randomized,":[193],"as":[194],"suggested":[195],"second":[198],"proposal":[199],"random":[202],"dynamic":[203],"(RDBB).":[206],"When":[207],"RDBB":[208],"applied,":[210],"significantly":[223],"33.4":[226],"times.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}