{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127612031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056877","title":"Single Tree Segmentation and Diameter at Breast Height Estimation With Mobile LiDAR","display_name":"Single Tree Segmentation and Diameter at Breast Height Estimation With Mobile LiDAR","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127612031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056877","mag":"3127612031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3056877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056877","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09345695.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09345695.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000671704","display_name":"Lulu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1937-6027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1937-6027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101859157","display_name":"Aiwu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-202X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiwu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102314837","display_name":"Shen Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091763103","display_name":"Shaoxing Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6201-8404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoxing Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082876442","display_name":"Nianpeng He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-5953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nianpeng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036484895","display_name":"Haiyang Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102715116","display_name":"Xizhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9394-0461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xizhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062653415","display_name":"Shikai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2057-3087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shikai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Geographic Environment Research and Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000671704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.4709,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88111561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"24314","last_page":"24325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7658309936523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6365435123443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5732358694076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5639957785606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diameter-at-breast-height","display_name":"Diameter at breast height","score":0.48137643933296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4756978452205658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35688716173171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33889734745025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2411338984966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20089340209960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16198647022247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.13238665461540222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7658309936523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6365435123443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5732358694076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5639957785606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58330081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973582","display_name":"Diameter at breast height","level":2,"score":0.48137643933296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4756978452205658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35688716173171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33889734745025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2411338984966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20089340209960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16198647022247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.13238665461540222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3056877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056877","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09345695.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8af1457db0c242259f130c311845ccd3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8af1457db0c242259f130c311845ccd3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 24314-24325 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3056877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056877","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09345695.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5676833369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42071303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127612031.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127612031.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W1996812355","https://openalex.org/W2019190157","https://openalex.org/W2030943379","https://openalex.org/W2043047386","https://openalex.org/W2057424186","https://openalex.org/W2080157231","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2090146153","https://openalex.org/W2100685227","https://openalex.org/W2122920344","https://openalex.org/W2161746820","https://openalex.org/W2296228853","https://openalex.org/W2333013454","https://openalex.org/W2358955923","https://openalex.org/W2390649213","https://openalex.org/W2436494909","https://openalex.org/W2466494297","https://openalex.org/W2523569918","https://openalex.org/W2566692295","https://openalex.org/W2611090267","https://openalex.org/W2760159848","https://openalex.org/W2790094531","https://openalex.org/W2794665001","https://openalex.org/W2889900409","https://openalex.org/W2899693799","https://openalex.org/W2917112699","https://openalex.org/W2924891244","https://openalex.org/W2941004385","https://openalex.org/W2964293278","https://openalex.org/W2988931383","https://openalex.org/W3003488559","https://openalex.org/W3014581207","https://openalex.org/W3024401514","https://openalex.org/W3109077063","https://openalex.org/W4244225476","https://openalex.org/W6678293961","https://openalex.org/W6775461090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421","https://openalex.org/W3201030488","https://openalex.org/W2184308545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112,183,199,271],"tree":[1,68,98,134],"diameter":[2],"at":[3],"breast":[4],"height":[5],"(DBH)":[6],"is":[7],"one":[8],"of":[9,125,141,159,194,296],"the":[10,16,29,46,51,61,76,96,109,118,123,133,137,151,155,160,170,174,192,204,212,217,225,229,254,267,277],"most":[11],"important":[12],"variables":[13],"for":[14,95,108,291],"monitoring":[15],"forest":[17,48,81,153,172,256,269,297],"ecology.":[18],"Mobile":[19],"laser":[20],"scanning":[21],"(MLS),":[22],"which":[23,63],"has":[24],"been":[25],"widely":[26],"applied":[27],"in":[28,45,65,78,127,253,266],"forestry":[30],"field,":[31],"makes":[32],"DBH":[33,71,101,110,185,193,226,285],"measurement":[34],"fast":[35],"and":[36,43,50,70,83,100,131,157,166,176,180,214,239,249,258,262,283,287,293],"convenient.":[37],"However,":[38],"there":[39],"are":[40,57],"many":[41],"shrubs":[42],"deadwood":[44],"neutral":[47],"environment":[49,62,82],"point":[52,85,143,219],"clouds":[53,144,220],"quality":[54],"from":[55],"MLS":[56],"easily":[58],"affected":[59],"by":[60,136],"results":[64,274],"low":[66,84],"single":[67,97],"segmentation":[69,93,99,115,162],"estimation":[72,102,186,227],"accuracy.":[73],"To":[74],"improve":[75,211],"accuracy":[77,213],"a":[79,90],"complex":[80],"cloud":[86],"quality,":[87],"we":[88],"propose":[89],"relative":[91,113,119,139],"density":[92,114,120,126,140],"method":[94,103,116,163,187,279],"based":[104],"on":[105],"multi-height":[106,197,200],"diameters":[107,201],"estimation.":[111],"calculates":[117],"according":[121],"to":[122,190,210],"ratio":[124],"two":[128],"different":[129],"scales,":[130],"segments":[132],"trunks":[135],"higher":[138],"trunk":[142,218],"compared":[145],"with":[146,203],"their":[147],"surroundings":[148],"points.":[149],"In":[150,169],"natural":[152,255],"plot,":[154,173],"precision":[156,175],"recall":[158,177],"proposed":[161,184,278],"reached":[164,178],"0.966":[165],"0.946,":[167],"respectively;":[168],"urban":[171,268],"1":[179],"0.966,":[181],"respectively.":[182],"was":[188],"used":[189],"estimate":[191],"trees":[195],"using":[196],"diameters.":[198],"combined":[202],"outlier":[205],"detection":[206],"algorithm":[207],"were":[208,245],"able":[209],"robustness":[215],"when":[216],"have":[221],"large":[222],"noise.":[223],"For":[224],"results,":[228],"mean":[230,234,241],"absolute":[231,235],"error":[232,237,243],"(MAE),":[233],"percentage":[236],"(MAPE),":[238],"root":[240],"square":[242],"(RMSE)":[244],"2.5":[246],"cm,":[247,251,260,264],"11.54%,":[248],"3.17":[250],"respectively,":[252,265],"plot":[257],"1.65":[259],"6.31%,":[261],"1.97":[263],"plot.":[270],"good":[272],"experiment":[273],"indicate":[275],"that":[276],"can":[280],"achieve":[281],"accurate":[282],"robust":[284],"extraction":[286],"provide":[288],"fundamental":[289],"data":[290],"supervision":[292],"sustainable":[294],"development":[295],"resources.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}