{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127996554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056285","title":"Minimizing the Overlapping Degree to Improve Class-Imbalanced Learning Under Sparse Feature Selection: Application to Fraud Detection","display_name":"Minimizing the Overlapping Degree to Improve Class-Imbalanced Learning Under Sparse Feature Selection: Application to Fraud Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127996554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056285","mag":"3127996554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3056285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056285","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09343840.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09343840.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066439198","display_name":"Fatima El Barakaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-5177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125507","display_name":"Chouaib Doukkali University","ror":"https://ror.org/036kgyt43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"El Barakaz Fatima","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAROSERI Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-5177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAROSERI Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022830832","display_name":"Omar Boutkhoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-7520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125507","display_name":"Chouaib Doukkali University","ror":"https://ror.org/036kgyt43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boutkhoum Omar","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAROSERI Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAROSERI Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065163296","display_name":"El Moutaouakkil Abdelmajid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125507","display_name":"Chouaib Doukkali University","ror":"https://ror.org/036kgyt43","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El Moutaouakkil Abdelmajid","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAROSERI Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAROSERI Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058941449","display_name":"Furqan Rustam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Furqan Rustam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087270783","display_name":"Arif Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-4005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-4005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044080887","display_name":"Gyu Sang Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-768X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyu Sang Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-768X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066439198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125507"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.9187,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98658976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"28101","last_page":"28110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.778915286064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7592246532440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.616406261920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5708213448524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5521197319030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5515322089195251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5183571577072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.498577356338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4911350905895233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45089319348335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4373336732387543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.14305412769317627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.778915286064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7592246532440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.616406261920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5708213448524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5521197319030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5515322089195251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5183571577072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.498577356338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4911350905895233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45089319348335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4373336732387543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.14305412769317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3056285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056285","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09343840.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:23a715fcdbf14adba1ba73454a2ca759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/23a715fcdbf14adba1ba73454a2ca759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 28101-28110 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3056285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056285","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09343840.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1989376136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C1006159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6082346649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6354916557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6933364494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127996554.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127996554.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102369970","https://openalex.org/W769353746","https://openalex.org/W1484486808","https://openalex.org/W1525006452","https://openalex.org/W1541033774","https://openalex.org/W1561613409","https://openalex.org/W1993273815","https://openalex.org/W1996932677","https://openalex.org/W2014885136","https://openalex.org/W2020925091","https://openalex.org/W2022348393","https://openalex.org/W2040661907","https://openalex.org/W2068972390","https://openalex.org/W2087787741","https://openalex.org/W2098437164","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2109177042","https://openalex.org/W2119387367","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2154706222","https://openalex.org/W2189368561","https://openalex.org/W2267339884","https://openalex.org/W2332912320","https://openalex.org/W2338318698","https://openalex.org/W2354826874","https://openalex.org/W2517656122","https://openalex.org/W2526571378","https://openalex.org/W2540642777","https://openalex.org/W2547226216","https://openalex.org/W2549885908","https://openalex.org/W2614183994","https://openalex.org/W2762884032","https://openalex.org/W2790031975","https://openalex.org/W2790392145","https://openalex.org/W2800788706","https://openalex.org/W2808330059","https://openalex.org/W2905236149","https://openalex.org/W2906988215","https://openalex.org/W2910364449","https://openalex.org/W2911512579","https://openalex.org/W2946774663","https://openalex.org/W2958026736","https://openalex.org/W2964093981","https://openalex.org/W2971347769","https://openalex.org/W2972116730","https://openalex.org/W2988412621","https://openalex.org/W2998314426","https://openalex.org/W2999592897","https://openalex.org/W3000453568","https://openalex.org/W3004689489","https://openalex.org/W3004986926","https://openalex.org/W3102479286","https://openalex.org/W6628946632","https://openalex.org/W6675634716","https://openalex.org/W6702757247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205762803","https://openalex.org/W2535856026","https://openalex.org/W2265065644","https://openalex.org/W2134699697","https://openalex.org/W3017188156","https://openalex.org/W2322875716","https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W4386564352","https://openalex.org/W2952668426","https://openalex.org/W2346511343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,67],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,29,35,55,61,101,131,138,144,148,159,170],"classification":[4,64],"of":[5,32,37,63,133,140,161],"class-imbalanced":[6,38,201],"data":[7,53],"has":[8,111],"obtained":[9],"increasing":[10],"attention":[11],"across":[12],"different":[13],"scientific":[14],"areas":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,65,126,195],"fraud":[18],"detection,":[19],"metabolomics,":[20],"Cancer":[21],"diagnosis,":[22],"etc.":[23],"This":[24],"interest":[25],"comes":[26],"after":[27],"proving":[28],"negative":[30],"effect":[31],"overlapping":[33,102],"on":[34,41],"performance":[36,62,160],"learning.":[39],"Based":[40],"augmented":[42],"R-value,":[43],"our":[44,123,162,174],"proposed":[45,124,175],"strategy":[46,191],"aims":[47],"to":[48,99,157,198],"select":[49],"features":[50,142],"that":[51,122,173,204],"make":[52],"achieve":[54],"minimal":[56],"overlap":[57],"degree,":[58],"so":[59],"improving":[60],"well.":[66],"this":[68,187],"context,":[69],"we":[70],"present":[71],"three":[72],"feature":[73,97,127,183,189],"selection":[74,98,128,139,184,190],"algorithms":[75,125,176],"RONS":[76],"(Reduce":[77,82,88],"Overlapping":[78,83,89],"with":[79,84,90,181,200],"No-sampling),":[80],"ROS":[81,116],"SMOTE),":[85],"and":[86,103,117,166],"ROA":[87],"ADASYN),":[91],"which":[92],"are":[93,177],"built":[94],"through":[95],"sparse":[96],"minimize":[100],"perform":[104],"binary":[105],"classification.":[106],"Also,":[107],"a":[108],"re-sampling":[109],"process":[110,145],"been":[112,155],"included":[113],"in":[114],"both":[115],"ROA.":[118],"Simulation":[119],"results":[120,171],"show":[121],"methods":[129],"manage":[130],"variation":[132],"false":[134],"discovery":[135],"rate":[136],"during":[137],"main":[141],"for":[143],"modeling.":[146],"For":[147],"experiment,":[149],"four":[150],"credit":[151],"card":[152],"datasets":[153],"have":[154],"selected":[156],"test":[158],"algorithms.":[163],"Using":[164],"F-measure":[165],"Gmean":[167],"evaluation":[168],"metrics,":[169],"reveal":[172],"considerably":[178],"recommended":[179],"compared":[180],"classical":[182],"methods.":[185],"Besides,":[186],"effective":[188],"can":[192],"be":[193],"extended":[194],"an":[196],"alternative":[197],"deal":[199],"learning":[202],"problems":[203],"involve":[205],"overlapping.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}