{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123039563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054948","title":"Improving Software Defect Prediction by Aggregated Change Metrics","display_name":"Improving Software Defect Prediction by Aggregated Change Metrics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123039563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054948","mag":"3123039563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054948","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09336678.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09336678.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056810786","display_name":"Lucija \u0160iki\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8011-1055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucija Sikic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8011-1055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002268220","display_name":"Petar Afri\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-5988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Afric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-5988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034182739","display_name":"Adrian Satja Kurdija","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-0396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Satja Kurdija","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-0396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052566827","display_name":"Marin \u0160ili\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-7689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marin Silic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-7689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.552,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94806223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"19391","last_page":"19411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8098328113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.6413600444793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5673102736473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.548210084438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.545261800289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5086725354194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-sizing","display_name":"Software sizing","score":0.5033017992973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.5020585060119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verification-and-validation","display_name":"Verification and validation","score":0.498032808303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.46899011731147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeline","display_name":"Timeline","score":0.45851585268974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4386628568172455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4095041751861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.40530622005462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.39637526869773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11159175634384155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8098328113555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.6413600444793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5673102736473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.548210084438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.545261800289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5086725354194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201515116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554363","display_name":"Software sizing","level":5,"score":0.5033017992973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.5020585060119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.498032808303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.46899011731147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4438859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186117","display_name":"Timeline","level":2,"score":0.45851585268974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4386628568172455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4095041751861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40530622005462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.39637526869773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11159175634384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054948","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09336678.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed2e8fe04b344a5296b8ff2b989345fb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed2e8fe04b344a5296b8ff2b989345fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 19391-19411 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3054948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3054948","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09336678.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4871033904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HRZZ-IP-01-2018-6423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322674","funder_display_name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5289321683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KK.01.2.1.01.0111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6619311915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KK.01.2.1.01.0111 (OperOSS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7170267542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IP-01-2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322674","funder_display_name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G800076103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IP-01-2018-6423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322674","funder_display_name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322674","display_name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","ror":"https://ror.org/03n51vw80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123039563.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123039563.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":112,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497131193","https://openalex.org/W1505648523","https://openalex.org/W1554055400","https://openalex.org/W1655956671","https://openalex.org/W1748753137","https://openalex.org/W1811555881","https://openalex.org/W1838241330","https://openalex.org/W1858612170","https://openalex.org/W1964062576","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1968652658","https://openalex.org/W1975040830","https://openalex.org/W1978014436","https://openalex.org/W1984769753","https://openalex.org/W1986937481","https://openalex.org/W2004758360","https://openalex.org/W2007705030","https://openalex.org/W2012319196","https://openalex.org/W2031770898","https://openalex.org/W2033398965","https://openalex.org/W2033418259","https://openalex.org/W2043837581","https://openalex.org/W2045116160","https://openalex.org/W2048232769","https://openalex.org/W2055784794","https://openalex.org/W2057780988","https://openalex.org/W2057826716","https://openalex.org/W2059621895","https://openalex.org/W2062886955","https://openalex.org/W2069321575","https://openalex.org/W2072858195","https://openalex.org/W2073649165","https://openalex.org/W2075780741","https://openalex.org/W2078692096","https://openalex.org/W2080521990","https://openalex.org/W2082795423","https://openalex.org/W2083352779","https://openalex.org/W2090854192","https://openalex.org/W2091062598","https://openalex.org/W2106615747","https://openalex.org/W2108610041","https://openalex.org/W2114124859","https://openalex.org/W2119016061","https://openalex.org/W2119327016","https://openalex.org/W2120999344","https://openalex.org/W2122195835","https://openalex.org/W2122839350","https://openalex.org/W2127623179","https://openalex.org/W2132887549","https://openalex.org/W2133462743","https://openalex.org/W2136811501","https://openalex.org/W2139457591","https://openalex.org/W2139749383","https://openalex.org/W2140964565","https://openalex.org/W2142481192","https://openalex.org/W2143189463","https://openalex.org/W2143637886","https://openalex.org/W2147105902","https://openalex.org/W2147386665","https://openalex.org/W2150762626","https://openalex.org/W2150874999","https://openalex.org/W2151666086","https://openalex.org/W2158333206","https://openalex.org/W2158744032","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2160988203","https://openalex.org/W2166148301","https://openalex.org/W2167117640","https://openalex.org/W2172232422","https://openalex.org/W2203800319","https://openalex.org/W2360967250","https://openalex.org/W2511494567","https://openalex.org/W2586292313","https://openalex.org/W2601165891","https://openalex.org/W2731935965","https://openalex.org/W2743316948","https://openalex.org/W2768045609","https://openalex.org/W2783657687","https://openalex.org/W2786676889","https://openalex.org/W2791527767","https://openalex.org/W2793350103","https://openalex.org/W2794754842","https://openalex.org/W2804498844","https://openalex.org/W2825254172","https://openalex.org/W2884745705","https://openalex.org/W2887748405","https://openalex.org/W2909172538","https://openalex.org/W2912086532","https://openalex.org/W2913477859","https://openalex.org/W2914103415","https://openalex.org/W2921707507","https://openalex.org/W2937381238","https://openalex.org/W2945699300","https://openalex.org/W2955224058","https://openalex.org/W2963097549","https://openalex.org/W2964183261","https://openalex.org/W2977855656","https://openalex.org/W3021635871","https://openalex.org/W3025560095","https://openalex.org/W3040821797","https://openalex.org/W3080457607","https://openalex.org/W4206600618","https://openalex.org/W4248925908","https://openalex.org/W4287686312","https://openalex.org/W6633076095","https://openalex.org/W6638297213","https://openalex.org/W6639123294","https://openalex.org/W6687511915","https://openalex.org/W6748307721","https://openalex.org/W6751838427","https://openalex.org/W6752987401","https://openalex.org/W6782380601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068483578","https://openalex.org/W2182881874","https://openalex.org/W2893321311","https://openalex.org/W2796601522","https://openalex.org/W3014006153","https://openalex.org/W2005759781","https://openalex.org/W2316872043","https://openalex.org/W2031021105","https://openalex.org/W2610324925","https://openalex.org/W2545684011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,123],"ensure":[1,12],"the":[2,46,81,85,94,106,116,119,143,150,158,162,177,199,203],"delivery":[3],"of":[4,15,71,80,102,105,118,132,145,161,181,198],"high":[5],"quality":[6],"software,":[7],"it":[8],"is":[9,21,32],"necessary":[10],"to":[11,35,77,90,149,193],"that":[13,40,176],"all":[14,146],"its":[16,109],"artifacts":[17,38,83],"function":[18],"properly,":[19],"which":[20,79,138],"usually":[22,100],"done":[23],"by":[24,141,188],"performing":[25],"appropriate":[26],"tests":[27],"with":[28],"limited":[29],"resources.":[30],"It":[31],"therefore":[33],"desirable":[34],"identify":[36],"defective":[37],"so":[39],"they":[41],"can":[42],"be":[43,91],"corrected":[44],"before":[45],"testing":[47],"process.":[48,122],"So":[49],"far,":[50],"researchers":[51],"have":[52],"proposed":[53],"various":[54],"predictive":[55],"models":[56,61,185],"for":[57],"this":[58,125],"purpose.":[59],"Such":[60],"are":[62,88,139,186],"typically":[63],"trained":[64],"on":[65,167],"data":[66,95,144],"representing":[67,96],"previous":[68],"project":[69,99,107],"versions":[70],"a":[72,97,129,190],"software":[73,82,98,120,151,201],"and":[74,111,179,202],"then":[75],"used":[76,183],"predict":[78],"in":[84,172],"new":[86,130],"version":[87],"likely":[89],"defective.":[92],"However,":[93],"consists":[101],"measurable":[103,196],"properties":[104,197],"or":[108],"modules,":[110],"leaves":[112],"out":[113],"information":[114],"about":[115],"timeline":[117],"development":[121],"fill":[124],"gap,":[126],"we":[127,174],"propose":[128],"set":[131,192],"metrics,":[133,137],"namely":[134],"aggregated":[135,204],"change":[136,205],"created":[140],"aggregating":[142],"changes":[147],"made":[148],"between":[152],"two":[153],"versions,":[154],"taking":[155],"into":[156],"account":[157],"chronological":[159],"order":[160],"changes.":[163],"In":[164],"experiments":[165],"conducted":[166],"open":[168],"source":[169],"projects":[170],"written":[171],"Java,":[173],"show":[175],"stability":[178],"performance":[180],"commonly":[182],"classification":[184],"improved":[187],"extending":[189],"feature":[191],"include":[194],"both":[195],"analyzed":[200],"metrics.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}