{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123168988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053091","title":"Exploitation of Triangular Lattice Arrays for Improved Spectral Efficiency in Massive MIMO 5G Systems","display_name":"Exploitation of Triangular Lattice Arrays for Improved Spectral Efficiency in Massive MIMO 5G Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123168988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053091","mag":"3123168988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3053091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053091","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328768.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328768.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013137144","display_name":"Francesco Alessio Dicandia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-3349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Alessio Dicandia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-3349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044291693","display_name":"Simone Genovesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-1780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Genovesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-1780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":43.9447,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99651899,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"17530","last_page":"17543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8016985058784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.652738094329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.6382259726524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hexagonal-lattice","display_name":"Hexagonal lattice","score":0.6238849759101868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice","display_name":"Lattice (music)","score":0.6222515106201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-array","display_name":"Planar array","score":0.5160336494445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-reduction","display_name":"Lattice reduction","score":0.45465776324272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.439691424369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42982012033462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.41222602128982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3490287661552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3472796082496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3203248679637909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.30489253997802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2514421343803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.1258518397808075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8016985058784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.652738094329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.6382259726524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90626534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4523381","display_name":"Hexagonal lattice","level":3,"score":0.6238849759101868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781204021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497091","display_name":"Lattice (music)","level":2,"score":0.6222515106201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.5160336494445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44274781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497132","display_name":"Lattice reduction","level":4,"score":0.45465776324272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.439691424369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42982012033462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.41222602128982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3490287661552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3472796082496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3203248679637909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.30489253997802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2514421343803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.1258518397808075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155355069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575224","display_name":"Antiferromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3053091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053091","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328768.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1132264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1132264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9684e8be7c8d4d7c8a97737ea1cd2b66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9684e8be7c8d4d7c8a97737ea1cd2b66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 17530-17543 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:134977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/134977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3053091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053091","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328768.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123168988.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123168988.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W332770779","https://openalex.org/W650238904","https://openalex.org/W1192012502","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2064459423","https://openalex.org/W2100623689","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2107480603","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2130703565","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2340704566","https://openalex.org/W2623122370","https://openalex.org/W2624494617","https://openalex.org/W2724724053","https://openalex.org/W2727365068","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2770880660","https://openalex.org/W2790986675","https://openalex.org/W2802405741","https://openalex.org/W2805657678","https://openalex.org/W2884067600","https://openalex.org/W2886886705","https://openalex.org/W2896391562","https://openalex.org/W2901445838","https://openalex.org/W2902418875","https://openalex.org/W2909796427","https://openalex.org/W2911468705","https://openalex.org/W2945331628","https://openalex.org/W2946133870","https://openalex.org/W2950754031","https://openalex.org/W2953810327","https://openalex.org/W2957930282","https://openalex.org/W2963165838","https://openalex.org/W2963869708","https://openalex.org/W2969651495","https://openalex.org/W2970888537","https://openalex.org/W2973033746","https://openalex.org/W2979317621","https://openalex.org/W2980391193","https://openalex.org/W2983659745","https://openalex.org/W2984633870","https://openalex.org/W2991158299","https://openalex.org/W3003802608","https://openalex.org/W3014812366","https://openalex.org/W3087842236","https://openalex.org/W3092477409","https://openalex.org/W4205279868","https://openalex.org/W4242471443","https://openalex.org/W6767631692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042331445","https://openalex.org/W2134230263","https://openalex.org/W2134916061","https://openalex.org/W2051551367","https://openalex.org/W2155567810","https://openalex.org/W4381785485","https://openalex.org/W4205696264","https://openalex.org/W3010469571","https://openalex.org/W2463053673","https://openalex.org/W2393478743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"thorough":[1],"analysis":[2],"of":[3,6,49,61,116],"the":[4,47,50,62,88,95,114,117],"performance":[5,89,123],"planar":[7],"arrays":[8,154],"with":[9,40],"a":[10,43,56,66,71,100,145],"regular":[11,146],"periodic":[12,148],"lattice":[13,45,119,150],"is":[14,34,105,151],"carried":[15],"out":[16],"and":[17,29,70,81,91,135,147],"applied":[18],"to":[19,107,155],"massive":[20,159],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[21],"(MIMO)":[22],"systems":[23],"operating":[24],"within":[25,65],"5G":[26,161],"NR":[27],"n257":[28],"n258":[30],"frequency":[31],"band.":[32],"It":[33],"shown":[35],"that,":[36],"among":[37,76],"different":[38,110],"arrangements":[39],"uniform":[41],"spacing,":[42],"triangular":[44,101,149],"guarantees":[46],"reduction":[48],"Average":[51],"Side":[52],"Lobe":[53],"Level":[54],"(ASLL),":[55],"better":[57],"angular":[58,68],"scan":[59],"resolution":[60],"main":[63],"beam":[64,80],"predefined":[67],"sector":[69],"lower":[72],"mutual":[73],"coupling":[74],"level":[75],"elements.":[77],"Moreover,":[78],"single":[79],"multibeam":[82],"application":[83],"scenarios":[84],"are":[85],"considered":[86],"for":[87,109,153],"comparison":[90],"both":[92],"cases":[93],"assess":[94],"remarkable":[96],"features":[97],"offered":[98],"by":[99],"arrangement.":[102],"Particular":[103],"attention":[104],"paid":[106],"illustrate,":[108],"propagation":[111],"channel":[112],"scenarios,":[113],"effects":[115],"array":[118],"on":[120],"overall":[121],"system":[122],"including":[124],"average":[125],"gain":[126],"as":[127,129],"well":[128],"Signal-to-Interference":[130],"plus":[131],"Noise":[132],"Ratio":[133],"(SINR)":[134],"Sum":[136],"Spectral":[137],"Efficiency":[138],"(SSE).":[139],"The":[140],"obtained":[141],"results":[142],"prove":[143],"that":[144],"appealing":[152],"be":[156],"adopted":[157],"in":[158],"MIMO":[160],"systems.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
