{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121939824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053069","title":"A Pyramid-CNN Based Deep Learning Model for Power Load Forecasting of Similar-Profile Energy Customers Based on Clustering","display_name":"A Pyramid-CNN Based Deep Learning Model for Power Load Forecasting of Similar-Profile Energy Customers Based on Clustering","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121939824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053069","mag":"3121939824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3053069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053069","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328776.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014562556","display_name":"Khursheed Aurangzeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-8578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khursheed Aurangzeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-8578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052648906","display_name":"Musaed Alhussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musaed Alhussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082155859","display_name":"Kumail Javaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7379-5391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119068","display_name":"University of South Asia","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfz7q36","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119068"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumail Javaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7379-5391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038305043","display_name":"Syed Irtaza Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-2413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Irtaza Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-2413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014562556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.1861,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96106464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"14992","last_page":"15003"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7874230146408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6346936821937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-profile","display_name":"Load profile","score":0.6150873899459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5777047872543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4797402620315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45167651772499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-modeling","display_name":"Energy modeling","score":0.431564062833786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42473816871643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.41704052686691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4142847955226898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.3109897971153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.16121289134025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13780495524406433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7874230146408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6346936821937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777908891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806775","display_name":"Load profile","level":3,"score":0.6150873899459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5777047872543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4797402620315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45167651772499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780331096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24965464","display_name":"Energy modeling","level":3,"score":0.431564062833786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42473816871643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41704052686691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4142847955226898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3109897971153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.16121289134025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13780495524406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3053069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053069","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:984d18f3220e489cb0af0312bdd64b63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/984d18f3220e489cb0af0312bdd64b63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 14992-15003 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3053069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3053069","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328776.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121939824.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121939824.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898472499","https://openalex.org/W1963616278","https://openalex.org/W1967243935","https://openalex.org/W1974961444","https://openalex.org/W1977686954","https://openalex.org/W1987938889","https://openalex.org/W1990910451","https://openalex.org/W1995310630","https://openalex.org/W2019949418","https://openalex.org/W2030563576","https://openalex.org/W2041716774","https://openalex.org/W2068060907","https://openalex.org/W2075846637","https://openalex.org/W2079991364","https://openalex.org/W2090742183","https://openalex.org/W2092317789","https://openalex.org/W2127192673","https://openalex.org/W2141181254","https://openalex.org/W2168538680","https://openalex.org/W2215699581","https://openalex.org/W2219812268","https://openalex.org/W2220560459","https://openalex.org/W2274744025","https://openalex.org/W2341883776","https://openalex.org/W2548908035","https://openalex.org/W2553165053","https://openalex.org/W2558706689","https://openalex.org/W2613278213","https://openalex.org/W2735497064","https://openalex.org/W2743395569","https://openalex.org/W2754252319","https://openalex.org/W2774653084","https://openalex.org/W2790206624","https://openalex.org/W2791275028","https://openalex.org/W2809317444","https://openalex.org/W2903916570","https://openalex.org/W2940114720","https://openalex.org/W2945748599","https://openalex.org/W2946755072","https://openalex.org/W2952108874","https://openalex.org/W2964267916","https://openalex.org/W2991316804","https://openalex.org/W2996089041","https://openalex.org/W3001523303","https://openalex.org/W3027126966","https://openalex.org/W3090661556","https://openalex.org/W3094193625","https://openalex.org/W3094920651","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6704513472","https://openalex.org/W6728976093","https://openalex.org/W6737454906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249847449","https://openalex.org/W44395729","https://openalex.org/W1496225612","https://openalex.org/W2751256511","https://openalex.org/W1597785538","https://openalex.org/W2765338038","https://openalex.org/W2382521298","https://openalex.org/W2896432411","https://openalex.org/W2081317285","https://openalex.org/W4320496415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"rapid":[1],"advancements":[2],"in":[3,105,152,285],"renewable":[4],"energy":[5,42,64,96,114,131,172,236,293,302,340],"sources,":[6],"billing":[7],"mechanism":[8],"(AMI),":[9],"and":[10,23,49,84,92,309,342],"latest":[11],"communication":[12],"technologies,":[13],"the":[14,81,88,106,123,223,292],"traditional":[15],"control":[16],"networks":[17],"are":[18,119,190],"evolving":[19],"towards":[20],"wise,":[21],"versatile":[22],"collaborative":[24],"Smart":[25,177,179],"Grids":[26],"(SG).":[27],"The":[28,77,187,201,239,251,295],"short":[29],"term":[30],"power":[31,54,224,320],"load":[32,55,71,111,157,197,225,321],"forecasting":[33,72,110,158,267,346],"of":[34,40,51,56,62,73,90,94,112,125,162,171,176,198,204,233,249,279,297],"individual":[35,57,91,113,234,323],"as":[36,38,58,60,330],"well":[37,59],"group":[39,61,93,161],"similar":[41,63,95,163,205],"customers":[43,65,173,207,237,259,303],"is":[44,66,80,134,212,243,254,300,327],"critical":[45],"for":[46,87,109,129,155,159,192,217,269,291,322],"effective":[47,156],"operation":[48],"management":[50],"SG.":[52],"Forecasting":[53],"challenging":[67],"compared":[68],"to":[69,122,140,214,335],"aggregate":[70],"a":[74,142,160,169,337],"residential":[75],"community.":[76],"main":[78],"reason":[79],"high":[82],"volatility":[83],"uncertainty":[85],"involved":[86],"case":[89],"customers.":[97,165,294],"Several":[98],"machine/deep":[99],"learning":[100,144],"models":[101],"have":[102,221],"been":[103],"developed":[104,240],"recent":[107],"past":[108],"customers,":[115],"but":[116],"such":[117],"explorations":[118],"ineffective":[120],"due":[121],"requirement":[124],"one":[126],"trained":[127,244,252],"model":[128,145,242,253,282,312,338],"every":[130],"customer,":[132],"which":[133,230,316],"practically":[135],"not":[136,333],"feasible.":[137],"We":[138,220,263],"plan":[139],"build":[141],"deep":[143],"using":[146,184],"convolutional":[147],"neural":[148],"network":[149],"(CNN)":[150],"layers":[151,189],"pyramidal":[153],"architecture":[154],"energy-profile":[164,206],"Initially,":[166],"we":[167,331],"grouped":[168,306],"subset":[170],"from":[174,195,227,260,273],"database":[175],"Grid":[178],"City":[180],"(SGSC)":[181],"into":[182,307],"clusters":[183,308],"DBSCAN":[185],"approach.":[186],"CNN":[188],"used":[191,222],"extracting":[193],"feature":[194,203],"historical":[196],"each":[199,218],"cluster.":[200,219],"extracted":[202],"(grouped":[208],"based":[209,245,281],"on":[210,246,256],"clustering)":[211],"combined":[213],"make":[215],"training-databases":[216],"data":[226],"SGSC":[228],"project,":[229],"contain":[231],"thousands":[232],"household":[235],"data.":[238],"Pyramid-CNN":[241],"these":[247],"sets":[248],"databases.":[250],"evaluated":[255],"randomly":[257,270],"selected":[258,271],"few":[261],"clusters.":[262,275],"obtained":[264],"significantly":[265],"improved":[266],"results":[268],"user":[272],"different":[274],"Our":[276],"adapted":[277],"strategy":[278],"clustering":[280],"training":[283],"resulted":[284],"upto":[286],"10":[287],"percent":[288],"MAPE":[289],"improvement":[290],"essence":[296],"our":[298],"work":[299],"that":[301],"can":[304,317],"be":[305,314],"then":[310],"representative":[311],"could":[313],"developed/trained,":[315],"accurately":[318],"forecast":[319],"energy-customer.":[324],"This":[325],"approach":[326],"highly":[328],"feasible,":[329],"do":[332],"need":[334],"train":[336],"per":[339],"customer":[341],"still":[343],"achieve":[344],"competitive":[345],"results.":[347]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}