{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126843189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3052169","title":"IFTS: A Location Privacy Protection Method Based on Initial and Final Trajectory Segments","display_name":"IFTS: A Location Privacy Protection Method Based on Initial and Final Trajectory Segments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126843189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3052169","mag":"3126843189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3052169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3052169","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328113.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328113.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061482377","display_name":"Jiuyun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-1184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiuyun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-1184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640861","display_name":"Lele Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-3412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lele Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001071837","display_name":"Ruru Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4804-7049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruru Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile (Suzhou) Software Technology Company, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile (Suzhou) Software Technology Company, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100956897","display_name":"Jin Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110931","display_name":"Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02557nd11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110931"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Union Company (Jinan) Software Technology Center, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Union Company (Jinan) Software Technology Center, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001056903","display_name":"Qiang Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7832-1937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Sciences and Technology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, Abington, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7832-1937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Sciences and Technology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, Abington, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046126695","display_name":"Leyi Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-1674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8244254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"18112","last_page":"18122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.8635011911392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.8249222040176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7588744163513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.6056152582168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5632010698318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-anonymity","display_name":"k-anonymity","score":0.5193449258804321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.4783605933189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4175059497356415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40044230222702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3428551256656647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.8635011911392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.8249222040176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7588744163513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.6056152582168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5632010698318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777706471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17061432","display_name":"k-anonymity","level":3,"score":0.5193449258804321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.4783605933189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4175059497356415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40044230222702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3428551256656647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3052169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3052169","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328113.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38abc1e316274a94a01d42eb1d48a4f5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/38abc1e316274a94a01d42eb1d48a4f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 18112-18122 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3052169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3052169","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09328113.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126843189.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126843189.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1850230553","https://openalex.org/W1965377175","https://openalex.org/W1967525428","https://openalex.org/W1979786799","https://openalex.org/W2010362518","https://openalex.org/W2011196257","https://openalex.org/W2017120306","https://openalex.org/W2025483242","https://openalex.org/W2044857719","https://openalex.org/W2056773559","https://openalex.org/W2078101615","https://openalex.org/W2085526468","https://openalex.org/W2086453044","https://openalex.org/W2086961842","https://openalex.org/W2116135393","https://openalex.org/W2118204922","https://openalex.org/W2120900307","https://openalex.org/W2145317377","https://openalex.org/W2178390367","https://openalex.org/W2187051054","https://openalex.org/W2529970009","https://openalex.org/W2587549402","https://openalex.org/W2732510062","https://openalex.org/W2761952776","https://openalex.org/W2774765405","https://openalex.org/W2775589654","https://openalex.org/W2789523586","https://openalex.org/W2801415516","https://openalex.org/W7042453693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381086482","https://openalex.org/W2355715322","https://openalex.org/W223766737","https://openalex.org/W2353100240","https://openalex.org/W1625052858","https://openalex.org/W3105058304","https://openalex.org/W2071358357","https://openalex.org/W1990931566","https://openalex.org/W2393941753","https://openalex.org/W2386054155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Privacy":[0,19],"protection":[1,20,108],"problem":[2,98],"is":[3,111,132,149],"one":[4,41],"of":[5,21,56,76,90,99,158],"the":[6,53,71,81,97,114,125,128,146,155,159,187,196,201,214],"most":[7],"concerning":[8],"issues":[9],"related":[10],"to":[11,47,52,88,95,151,154,213],"Location-Based":[12],"Services":[13],"(LBS)":[14],"in":[15,121],"our":[16],"daily":[17],"life.":[18],"LBS":[22],"often":[23,35,79],"requires":[24],"anonymizing":[25],"customer's":[26],"trajectory":[27,33,39,57,101,118,148,168,184,209,218],"data.":[28],"Currently":[29],"available":[30],"methods":[31,216],"for":[32,60,181,217],"anonymity":[34,49,205],"assume":[36],"an":[37,136],"entire":[38],"as":[40],"anonymous":[42,202],"unit,":[43],"which":[44,85,177],"may":[45,86],"lead":[46,87],"low":[48],"efficiency":[50],"due":[51],"massive":[54],"amount":[55],"data,":[58],"especially":[59],"customers":[61],"travel":[62],"through":[63],"a":[64,77,105,183],"long":[65],"road.":[66],"Considering":[67],"people's":[68],"routine":[69],"activities,":[70],"starting":[72],"and":[73,116,161,166,172,186,207],"ending":[74],"locations":[75],"trip":[78],"uncover":[80],"user's":[82],"request":[83],"intent,":[84],"exposure":[89],"user":[91,147],"privacy.":[92],"In":[93,124],"order":[94],"address":[96],"inefficient":[100],"anonymity,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"location":[106,143],"privacy":[107],"method":[109,198],"that":[110,195],"based":[112,140],"on":[113,141],"initial":[115,165],"final":[117,167],"segmentation":[119],"(IFTS)":[120],"this":[122],"paper.":[123],"IFTS":[126],"method,":[127],"road":[129],"network":[130],"structure":[131],"first":[133],"transformed":[134],"into":[135,174],"edge":[137],"cluster":[138],"model":[139],"its":[142],"type.":[144],"Then,":[145],"divided":[150,173],"segments":[152,169],"according":[153],"temporal":[156],"sequence":[157],"ingress":[160],"egress":[162],"nodes.":[163],"The":[164],"are":[170,179],"identified":[171],"equivalence":[175],"classes,":[176],"then":[178],"used":[180],"constructing":[182],"graph":[185],"corresponding":[188],"k-anonymous":[189],"set.":[190],"Our":[191],"experimental":[192],"results":[193],"show":[194],"proposed":[197],"can":[199],"reduce":[200],"area,":[203],"improve":[204],"efficiency,":[206],"enhance":[208],"data":[210],"utilization":[211],"compared":[212],"existing":[215],"anonymity.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
