{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119640239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051719","title":"Spectrum Sensing With Non-Gaussian Noise Over Multi-Path Fading Channels Towards Smart Cities With IoT","display_name":"Spectrum Sensing With Non-Gaussian Noise Over Multi-Path Fading Channels Towards Smart Cities With IoT","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119640239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051719","mag":"3119640239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051719","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09324829.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09324829.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101826549","display_name":"Junfang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-8204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133467","display_name":"Xi'an Aeronautical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8zy63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133467"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junfang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Aeronautical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-8204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Aeronautical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428500","display_name":"Qian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-6376"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Stellar Space Technology Application Company Ltd., Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Stellar Space Technology Application Company Ltd., Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108743673","display_name":"Zhuoqun Long","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133467","display_name":"Xi'an Aeronautical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8zy63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133467"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoqun Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Aeronautical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Aeronautical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392219","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-9075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133467","display_name":"Xi'an Aeronautical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8zy63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133467"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Aeronautical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Aeronautical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643984","display_name":"Huijie Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-9908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijie Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, 36<sup><italic>th</italic></sup> Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Jiaxing, China","Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, 36th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Jiaxing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-9908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, 36<sup><italic>th</italic></sup> Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, 36th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318892","display_name":"Lijun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2538-8358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, 36<sup><italic>th</italic></sup> Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Jiaxing, China","Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, 36th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Jiaxing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, 36<sup><italic>th</italic></sup> Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Information Security Control Laboratory, 36th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9126,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74365135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"11194","last_page":"11202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5916562080383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.588283121585846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5184899568557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.5090734362602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43596553802490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41576290130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.41362518072128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3984736502170563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2907395362854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11536061763763428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5916562080383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.588283121585846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5184899568557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.5090734362602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43596553802490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41576290130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.41362518072128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3984736502170563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2907395362854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11536061763763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051719","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09324829.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22ef0498a4b84df7ad922ace84daa0c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22ef0498a4b84df7ad922ace84daa0c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 11194-11202 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051719","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09324829.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6929921259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZH0T7001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","funder_display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/02wq41p38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323191","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324852","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328844","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119640239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119640239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060606688","https://openalex.org/W2136166406","https://openalex.org/W2163653280","https://openalex.org/W2238723005","https://openalex.org/W2276861015","https://openalex.org/W2520511335","https://openalex.org/W2567642374","https://openalex.org/W2578868193","https://openalex.org/W2746696204","https://openalex.org/W2771152181","https://openalex.org/W2778055616","https://openalex.org/W2785883864","https://openalex.org/W2788053072","https://openalex.org/W2788499634","https://openalex.org/W2789896367","https://openalex.org/W2795878496","https://openalex.org/W2807124151","https://openalex.org/W2883007304","https://openalex.org/W2888951080","https://openalex.org/W2944484612","https://openalex.org/W2964844318","https://openalex.org/W2965638029","https://openalex.org/W2980507968","https://openalex.org/W2997237340","https://openalex.org/W3003887084","https://openalex.org/W3011436510","https://openalex.org/W3016118099","https://openalex.org/W3027109963","https://openalex.org/W3030050512","https://openalex.org/W3033961777","https://openalex.org/W3075060036","https://openalex.org/W3176176844","https://openalex.org/W6776030545","https://openalex.org/W6987337520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2127563499","https://openalex.org/W2120897947","https://openalex.org/W2135359550","https://openalex.org/W1970319972","https://openalex.org/W2572355887","https://openalex.org/W2953254336","https://openalex.org/W2112030392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,8,11,19,66,79,84,96,107,122,133,142,160,168],"limited":[2],"communication":[3],"spectrum":[4,35,69,97,136,171],"can":[5],"not":[6],"meet":[7],"demand":[9],"of":[10,14,21,68,89,135,144,162,170],"exponential":[12],"growth":[13],"intelligent":[15],"connected":[16],"devices":[17],"in":[18,28,78,147],"internet":[20],"things(IoT)":[22],"and":[23,53,131,167,179],"typical":[24,152],"smart":[25,153],"city":[26,154],"applications,":[27],"this":[29,72],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"propose":[32],"a":[33,93],"tractable":[34],"sensing":[36,98,137,172],"method":[37,99],"based":[38,100,140],"on":[39,101,141],"Rao":[40,102,145],"detection":[41,103,146],"over":[42,151,176],"non-Gaussian":[43,90],"noise,":[44,59],"such":[45],"as":[46],"generalized":[47],"Gaussian":[48,50],"noise(GGN),":[49],"mixture":[51],"noise(GMN)":[52],"symmetric":[54],"alpha-stable":[55],"distribution":[56],"($\\text{S}\\alpha":[57],"\\text{S}$)":[58],"multi-path":[60,80,148],"fading":[61,81,149,181],"channels":[62,150,182],"environment":[63],"to":[64],"alleviate":[65],"issue":[67,123],"scarcity.":[70],"In":[71],"method,":[73,119],"there":[74],"are":[75],"unknown":[76],"parameters":[77],"channels.":[82],"When":[83],"probability":[85],"density":[86],"function":[87],"(P.D.F.)":[88],"noise":[91],"has":[92,126],"closed-form":[94,128],"expression,":[95,130],"is":[104,111,138],"used.":[105],"Otherwise":[106],"P.D.F.":[108,129,164],"for$\\text{S}\\alpha":[109,165],"\\text{S}$noise":[110,125,166],"estimated":[112,163],"firstly":[113],"by":[114],"using":[115],"non-parametric":[116],"kernel":[117],"estimation":[118],"which":[120],"addresses":[121],"that$\\text{S}\\alpha":[124],"no":[127],"then":[132],"performance":[134,169],"derived":[139],"theory":[143],"applications.":[155],"Simulation":[156],"results":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"accuracy":[161],"under":[173],"different$\\alpha":[174],"$values":[175],"indoor,":[177],"outdoor,":[178],"vehicle":[180],"environment.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
