{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123320420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051278","title":"Joint Computational Offloading and Data-Content Caching in NOMA-MEC Networks","display_name":"Joint Computational Offloading and Data-Content Caching in NOMA-MEC Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123320420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051278","mag":"3123320420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051278","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09321325.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09321325.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014166432","display_name":"Luan N. T. Huynh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-0229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luan N. T. Huynh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-0229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062525719","display_name":"Quoc\u2010Viet Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quoc-Viet Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Computer, Information and Communication, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-9216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Computer, Information and Communication, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049792030","display_name":"T. D. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-5853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tri D. T. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-5853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086225474","display_name":"Md. Delowar Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-9720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Delowar Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-9720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080076453","display_name":"Young-Rok Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Rok Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000263913","display_name":"Eui\u2010Nam Huh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eui-Nam Huh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.9339,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94208115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"12943","last_page":"12954"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8757904171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.6635295152664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5854555368423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5379562377929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.528449296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.46591663360595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.45885708928108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.43952956795692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4311046600341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.42429831624031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.3846489191055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.3815876841545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.36017298698425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3258017897605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22505182027816772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.1256389617919922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8757904171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.6635295152664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5854555368423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5379562377929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.528449296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.46591663360595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.45885708928108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.43952956795692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4311046600341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.42429831624031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3846489191055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3815876841545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.36017298698425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3258017897605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22505182027816772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.1256389617919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051278","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09321325.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1474c5f05f104c3d97aa0c933dfa5667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1474c5f05f104c3d97aa0c933dfa5667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 12943-12954 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051278","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09321325.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G762644068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-0-00294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123320420.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3123320420.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050968963","https://openalex.org/W2148622067","https://openalex.org/W2210084516","https://openalex.org/W2510173137","https://openalex.org/W2615926310","https://openalex.org/W2792244469","https://openalex.org/W2800755725","https://openalex.org/W2883649305","https://openalex.org/W2886323124","https://openalex.org/W2890786591","https://openalex.org/W2895939936","https://openalex.org/W2898652425","https://openalex.org/W2901845465","https://openalex.org/W2908322758","https://openalex.org/W2909432978","https://openalex.org/W2939307351","https://openalex.org/W2962766183","https://openalex.org/W2968052242","https://openalex.org/W2973627286","https://openalex.org/W2980526710","https://openalex.org/W2991268436","https://openalex.org/W3005039536","https://openalex.org/W3008736885","https://openalex.org/W3013294681","https://openalex.org/W3017518089","https://openalex.org/W3028221281","https://openalex.org/W3028752302","https://openalex.org/W3034606981","https://openalex.org/W3042617392","https://openalex.org/W3082278499","https://openalex.org/W3095078053","https://openalex.org/W3099378150","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W3185499500","https://openalex.org/W3014317926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-access":[0],"edge":[1],"computing":[2,15],"(MEC)":[3],"can":[4,59,191],"improve":[5,60],"the":[6,18,30,37,61,66,87,98,110,113,116,125,131,170,175,194],"users'":[7],"computational":[8,73,103],"capacity":[9,129],"and":[10,35,54,64,75,105,124,127,142,172,185,201],"battery":[11],"life":[12],"by":[13,95,198],"moving":[14],"services":[16],"to":[17,50,85,159,168],"network":[19,39,52],"edge.":[20],"In":[21],"addition,":[22],"data-content":[23,76],"caching":[24,77,101],"on":[25],"a":[26,71,138,143,151],"MEC":[27,132],"server":[28],"improves":[29],"user":[31,62],"quality":[32],"of":[33,92,115,130,174,182],"experience":[34],"decreases":[36],"backhaul":[38],"congestion.":[40],"Moreover,":[41],"non-orthogonal":[42],"multiple":[43],"access":[44],"(NOMA)":[45],"has":[46],"recently":[47],"been":[48],"implemented":[49,158],"increase":[51],"throughput":[53],"capacity.":[55],"Combining":[56],"these":[57],"techniques":[58],"performance":[63],"benefit":[65],"network.":[67],"This":[68,108],"paper":[69],"investigates":[70],"combined":[72],"offloading":[74,99,122],"problem":[78,136],"for":[79,119],"NOMA-MEC":[80],"systems.":[81],"The":[82,134],"aim":[83],"was":[84,157],"achieve":[86],"minimum":[88],"total":[89,195],"completion":[90,196],"latency":[91,197],"all":[93],"users":[94],"jointly":[96],"optimizing":[97],"decision,":[100,123],"strategy,":[102],"resource,":[104],"power":[106],"allocation.":[107],"satisfies":[109],"constraints":[111],"within":[112],"scope":[114],"potential":[117],"violation":[118],"energy":[120],"consumption,":[121],"computation":[126],"storage":[128],"server.":[133],"formulated":[135],"is":[137],"mixed-integer":[139],"non-linear":[140],"programming":[141],"non-convex":[144],"problem.":[145],"To":[146],"solve":[147],"this":[148],"challenging":[149],"problem,":[150],"block":[152],"successive":[153],"upper-bound":[154],"minimization":[155],"method":[156],"obtain":[160],"efficient":[161],"solutions.":[162],"Numerous":[163],"simulation":[164],"results":[165],"were":[166],"presented":[167],"demonstrate":[169],"convergence":[171],"efficacy":[173],"proposed":[176,189],"algorithm.":[177],"Compared":[178],"with":[179],"other":[180],"schemes":[181],"all-offloading,":[183],"local-only,":[184],"equal":[186],"resources,":[187],"our":[188],"algorithm":[190],"approximately":[192],"reduce":[193],"17.68%,":[199],"26.02%,":[200],"70.98%.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}