{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119326842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051095","title":"Infrared Thermal Images Classification for Pressure Injury Prevention Incorporating the Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Infrared Thermal Images Classification for Pressure Injury Prevention Incorporating the Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119326842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051095","mag":"3119326842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051095","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09320470.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09320470.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701606","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1607-5475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801769982","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cyvdv85","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1607-5475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002207337","display_name":"Xiaoqiong Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqiong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018411352","display_name":"Kangyuan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangyuan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry and Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry and Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035130915","display_name":"Fuqian Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-5727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039325","display_name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0060x3y55","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4390039302","https://openalex.org/I4390039325"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuqian Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-5727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4390039325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071692045","display_name":"Long-jiang Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801769982","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cyvdv85","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longjiang Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621161","display_name":"Hui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-8738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801769982","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cyvdv85","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120","https://openalex.org/I2801769982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046695351","display_name":"Fuman Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-5922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27781120","display_name":"Wenzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rd5t069","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuman Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27781120"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.1881,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97075209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"15181","last_page":"15190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11670","display_name":"Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11670","display_name":"Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7844986915588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7204477787017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6339136362075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6193905472755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5919773578643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5120049118995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4309769570827484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4304199516773224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.41782325506210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11746761202812195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7844986915588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7204477787017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6339136362075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6193905472755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5919773578643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5120049118995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4309769570827484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4304199516773224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.41782325506210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11746761202812195}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051095","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09320470.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b3a4c5464260411d9cbfd4a594b075fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b3a4c5464260411d9cbfd4a594b075fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 15181-15190 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051095","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09320470.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119326842.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119326842.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987132513","https://openalex.org/W2026021919","https://openalex.org/W2034539098","https://openalex.org/W2046433619","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115694019","https://openalex.org/W2131563753","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2295405489","https://openalex.org/W2317636549","https://openalex.org/W2343805246","https://openalex.org/W2428100107","https://openalex.org/W2465057725","https://openalex.org/W2475989425","https://openalex.org/W2502753495","https://openalex.org/W2509997686","https://openalex.org/W2566457873","https://openalex.org/W2742546037","https://openalex.org/W2752517284","https://openalex.org/W2752629190","https://openalex.org/W2755855552","https://openalex.org/W2760000243","https://openalex.org/W2769726739","https://openalex.org/W2780186312","https://openalex.org/W2782323640","https://openalex.org/W2794762499","https://openalex.org/W2807319534","https://openalex.org/W2807769526","https://openalex.org/W2896903354","https://openalex.org/W2905308706","https://openalex.org/W2911356764","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3035888744","https://openalex.org/W3049071174","https://openalex.org/W3092028788","https://openalex.org/W3101294892","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6677380243","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6747249247","https://openalex.org/W6759099018","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018632273","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W4378678253","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W3176438653","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W2972076240","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hospital-acquired":[0],"pressure":[1,47,66,131,233,248],"injury":[2,67],"is":[3],"difficult":[4],"to":[5,17,24,43,96,139,195,209,229,243],"identify":[6,44],"in":[7,240],"the":[8,22,26,29,32,37,50,61,65,70,74,77,86,90,102,117,141,145,152,157,162,170,179,186,190,196,199,210,219,230,245],"early":[9],"stage,":[10,52,76],"accompanied":[11],"with":[12,60],"increased":[13],"morbidity":[14],"but":[15],"considered":[16],"be":[18,238],"preventable.":[19],"For":[20],"helping":[21],"nurses":[23],"monitor":[25],"status":[27],"of":[28,101,122,127,144,169,198,232,247],"patients\u2019":[30],"skin,":[31],"infrared":[33,53,124,146,220],"thermal":[34,54,125,147,221],"imaging":[35,222],"and":[36,45,58,64,81,89,113,149,156,178,205,223],"convolutional":[38,78,172,224],"neural":[39,79,173,225],"networks":[40,80,174,226],"were":[41,56,94,193,207],"integrated":[42],"prevent":[46],"injury.":[48,132,234,249],"In":[49,73],"first":[51],"images":[55,112,126,148],"shoot":[57],"labelled":[59],"normal":[62],"group":[63,68],"by":[69],"clinical":[71],"nurses.":[72],"second":[75],"two":[82,99],"machine":[83],"learning":[84],"algorithms,":[85],"random":[87],"forest":[88],"support":[91],"vector":[92],"machine,":[93],"applied":[95],"classify":[97],"these":[98],"classes":[100],"collected":[103],"images.":[104],"The":[105,166],"classification":[106,167,187],"model":[107,175],"was":[108,114,137,176,183],"trained":[109],"on":[110,116],"164":[111],"tested":[115],"special":[118],"image":[119],"dataset":[120,192],"consisted":[121],"82":[123],"1":[128],"day":[129],"before":[130],"Gray":[133],"level":[134],"co-occurrence":[135],"matrix":[136],"utilized":[138],"extract":[140],"texture":[142],"features":[143],"we":[150,215],"chose":[151],"pearson":[153],"correlation":[154],"coefficient":[155],"Chi":[158],"square":[159],"test":[160,191],"as":[161],"feature":[163,202],"selection":[164],"methods.":[165],"accuracy":[168],"proposed":[171],"95.2%":[177],"area":[180],"under":[181],"curve":[182],"0.98.":[184],"Moreover,":[185],"results":[188],"from":[189],"conformed":[194],"experience":[197],"experts.":[200],"After":[201],"selection,":[203],"variance":[204],"entropy":[206],"proved":[208],"best":[211],"distinguishable":[212],"features.":[213],"Finally,":[214],"concluded":[216],"that":[217],"combining":[218],"could":[227],"contribute":[228],"prevention":[231],"This":[235],"measure":[236],"should":[237],"performed":[239],"high-risk":[241],"populations":[242],"reduce":[244],"incidence":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}