{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118277262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3050391","title":"IIoT Based Multimodal Communication Model for Agriculture and Agro-Industries","display_name":"IIoT Based Multimodal Communication Model for Agriculture and Agro-Industries","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118277262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3050391","mag":"3118277262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3050391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3050391","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09317854.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09317854.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020765133","display_name":"Basem Almadani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-154X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basem Almadani","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-154X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009963752","display_name":"Saud Mohammad Mostafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-4247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saud Mohammad Mostafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-4247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.5626,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97523524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"10070","last_page":"10088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6104103922843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5554915070533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vendor","display_name":"Vendor","score":0.49072468280792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.46678340435028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.4562869668006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.45607689023017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","score":0.4183993935585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.41237810254096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.3578096628189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.33720630407333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2466019093990326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24339067935943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09832313656806946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6104103922843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5554915070533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.49072468280792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.46678340435028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4562869668006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.45607689023017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.4183993935585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.41237810254096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3578096628189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.33720630407333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2466019093990326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24339067935943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09832313656806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3050391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3050391","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09317854.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f43f9bb7f88f4c3791aa7d7a1822db49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f43f9bb7f88f4c3791aa7d7a1822db49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 10070-10088 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3050391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3050391","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09317854.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3118277262.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3118277262.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185191001","https://openalex.org/W1037523529","https://openalex.org/W1459686137","https://openalex.org/W1491638588","https://openalex.org/W1497376763","https://openalex.org/W1534215581","https://openalex.org/W1549535141","https://openalex.org/W1592890140","https://openalex.org/W1782472225","https://openalex.org/W1908361146","https://openalex.org/W1970112359","https://openalex.org/W1982627164","https://openalex.org/W1993829148","https://openalex.org/W1997127785","https://openalex.org/W2001391324","https://openalex.org/W2006927518","https://openalex.org/W2027171141","https://openalex.org/W2029420318","https://openalex.org/W2029608738","https://openalex.org/W2048959175","https://openalex.org/W2049515156","https://openalex.org/W2055781575","https://openalex.org/W2059310729","https://openalex.org/W2068153485","https://openalex.org/W2070665593","https://openalex.org/W2089702774","https://openalex.org/W2093376552","https://openalex.org/W2095867549","https://openalex.org/W2102635680","https://openalex.org/W2106672917","https://openalex.org/W2109426455","https://openalex.org/W2110293414","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2114168752","https://openalex.org/W2120892531","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2133665104","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2148333466","https://openalex.org/W2157895134","https://openalex.org/W2159681075","https://openalex.org/W2162126029","https://openalex.org/W2166186402","https://openalex.org/W2182146798","https://openalex.org/W2229747717","https://openalex.org/W2234639732","https://openalex.org/W2238609161","https://openalex.org/W2249463046","https://openalex.org/W2315497633","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2347156102","https://openalex.org/W2413037102","https://openalex.org/W2479268453","https://openalex.org/W2489900164","https://openalex.org/W2523856151","https://openalex.org/W2526432345","https://openalex.org/W2540627216","https://openalex.org/W2559518640","https://openalex.org/W2564333231","https://openalex.org/W2591915039","https://openalex.org/W2605165679","https://openalex.org/W2626299619","https://openalex.org/W2733306512","https://openalex.org/W2738399052","https://openalex.org/W2755710537","https://openalex.org/W2770475061","https://openalex.org/W2771058985","https://openalex.org/W2781240859","https://openalex.org/W2786392687","https://openalex.org/W2791498066","https://openalex.org/W2791690647","https://openalex.org/W2793257194","https://openalex.org/W2793922568","https://openalex.org/W2795776370","https://openalex.org/W2805611890","https://openalex.org/W2811237970","https://openalex.org/W2889467566","https://openalex.org/W2900273213","https://openalex.org/W2900296911","https://openalex.org/W2900330501","https://openalex.org/W2900544287","https://openalex.org/W2904468728","https://openalex.org/W2906617064","https://openalex.org/W2909214268","https://openalex.org/W2911771785","https://openalex.org/W2911949484","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2911978475","https://openalex.org/W2914178424","https://openalex.org/W2915708926","https://openalex.org/W2919145289","https://openalex.org/W2953604211","https://openalex.org/W2964535757","https://openalex.org/W2966528149","https://openalex.org/W2969506381","https://openalex.org/W2981854649","https://openalex.org/W2986499130","https://openalex.org/W2987761081","https://openalex.org/W3005847836","https://openalex.org/W3010385101","https://openalex.org/W3037812942","https://openalex.org/W3037964625","https://openalex.org/W3040634932","https://openalex.org/W3043965926","https://openalex.org/W3048223535","https://openalex.org/W3080800458","https://openalex.org/W3109697205","https://openalex.org/W3165752131","https://openalex.org/W4230527288","https://openalex.org/W4230591936","https://openalex.org/W4244514338","https://openalex.org/W4250516408","https://openalex.org/W4390512778","https://openalex.org/W6607464329","https://openalex.org/W6676253655","https://openalex.org/W6680094668","https://openalex.org/W6691513268","https://openalex.org/W6704139216","https://openalex.org/W6736163905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535080110","https://openalex.org/W306312984","https://openalex.org/W2093262417","https://openalex.org/W857189463","https://openalex.org/W2478661203","https://openalex.org/W4312626803","https://openalex.org/W4288094128","https://openalex.org/W2979675132","https://openalex.org/W4375832024","https://openalex.org/W3160314615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,167,206,222],"population":[1],"would":[2,51],"reach":[3],"ten":[4],"billion":[5],"by":[6,19],"2050,":[7],"and":[8,56,93,96,162],"experts":[9],"believe":[10],"that":[11,32,225],"the":[12,23,48,65,68,71,78,83,90,98,111,122,154,178,181],"agricultural":[13,79,116],"sector":[14,50,92,95],"needs":[15],"to":[16,21,128,135,152,219],"boost":[17],"production":[18,102,117,133,233],"70%":[20],"satisfy":[22],"demand.":[24],"Traditional":[25],"farming":[26,137],"practices":[27],"rely":[28],"on":[29,147],"primitive":[30],"technology":[31],"creates":[33],"a":[34,106,140,148],"yield":[35],"gap":[36,84],"with":[37,177],"low":[38],"productivity.":[39],"A":[40],"paradigm":[41],"shift":[42],"towards":[43],"merging":[44],"new":[45],"technologies":[46],"in":[47,77,85,139,157,235],"agriculture":[49],"enhance":[52],"productivity,":[53],"optimize":[54],"cost,":[55],"encourage":[57],"sustainable":[58],"development.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63,193],"review":[64],"necessity":[66],"for":[67,89,110,169,185,202,212],"fusion":[69],"of":[70,100,114,159,180,198,208],"Fourth":[72],"Industrial":[73,91],"Revolution":[74],"technological":[75],"approach":[76],"domain.":[80],"We":[81,104],"discuss":[82],"supply":[86],"chain":[87],"management":[88],"Agricultural":[94],"identify":[97],"issues":[99],"vendor-specific":[101],"systems.":[103,118],"propose":[105],"multimodal":[107],"communication":[108,130],"model":[109,120,227],"systematic":[112],"integration":[113],"multi-vendor":[115,232],"Our":[119],"utilizes":[121],"Data":[123],"Distribution":[124],"Service":[125],"(DDS)":[126],"middleware":[127],"enable":[129,229],"between":[131,231],"heterogeneous":[132],"systems":[134,234],"perform":[136],"operations":[138],"coordinated":[141],"manner.":[142],"Experimental":[143],"work":[144],"is":[145,210],"conducted":[146],"small-scale":[149],"hydroponic":[150],"farm":[151],"evaluate":[153],"system":[155,173,218],"performance":[156],"terms":[158],"throughput,":[160],"latency,":[161],"packet":[163],"delivery":[164],"ratio":[165],"(PDR).":[166],"throughput":[168],"our":[170,217,226],"proposed":[171],"DDS":[172],"has":[174],"significantly":[175],"improved":[176],"use":[179],"BATCH":[182],"QoS":[183],"policy":[184],"payload":[186,204,214],"size":[187,215],"less":[188],"than":[189],"1024":[190],"bytes.":[191],"However,":[192],"incur":[194],"an":[195],"average":[196],"latency":[197],"approximately":[199],"235":[200],"microseconds":[201],"any":[203,213],"size.":[205],"value":[207],"PDR":[209],"1":[211],"ensuring":[216],"be":[220],"reliable.":[221],"results":[223],"suggest":[224],"can":[228],"interoperability":[230],"real-time":[236],"while":[237],"incurring":[238],"minimum":[239],"latency.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-09T07:27:16.801131","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}