{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119781965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3049944","title":"An Improved Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit Method for Accurate State-of-Charge Estimation","display_name":"An Improved Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit Method for Accurate State-of-Charge Estimation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119781965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3049944","mag":"3119781965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3049944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3049944","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09320579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09320579.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhaowei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-8466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaowei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061517548","display_name":"Zhekang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-3834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhekang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086004143","display_name":"Huipin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huipin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046335655","display_name":"Zhiwei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-2019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626326","display_name":"Minghao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5783-5653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103039190","display_name":"Yufei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9964-3388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102017974","display_name":"Xiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5480-0781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068219856","display_name":"Mingyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-9526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Equipment Electronics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.9284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95656382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"11252","last_page":"11263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7814615964889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5537944436073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.5522480010986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5485584735870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.517848789691925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.5043588876724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4671117067337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.4482571482658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4105633497238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3410242199897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.17886045575141907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7814615964889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5537944436073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.5522480010986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5485584735870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.517848789691925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5043588876724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4671117067337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.4482571482658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4105633497238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3410242199897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.17886045575141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3049944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3049944","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09320579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f69d6e1c849344beb4f2c2ad476f56ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f69d6e1c849344beb4f2c2ad476f56ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 11252-11263 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/90962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/90962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3049944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3049944","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09320579.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4823543725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1710600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6310350498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021C01111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6578634324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6167119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7237744134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8578346858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1609216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119781965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3119781965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014178271","https://openalex.org/W2084143491","https://openalex.org/W2098841048","https://openalex.org/W2334417208","https://openalex.org/W2344174278","https://openalex.org/W2415876465","https://openalex.org/W2509018335","https://openalex.org/W2514892265","https://openalex.org/W2535662815","https://openalex.org/W2774891939","https://openalex.org/W2776458183","https://openalex.org/W2780369086","https://openalex.org/W2791067576","https://openalex.org/W2791450097","https://openalex.org/W2791668362","https://openalex.org/W2806080235","https://openalex.org/W2856171837","https://openalex.org/W2885578090","https://openalex.org/W2895546520","https://openalex.org/W2920560441","https://openalex.org/W2921438089","https://openalex.org/W2922306207","https://openalex.org/W2955325445","https://openalex.org/W2959526377","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2969332118","https://openalex.org/W2973538758","https://openalex.org/W2988332575","https://openalex.org/W2999467299","https://openalex.org/W3004741775","https://openalex.org/W3009664539","https://openalex.org/W3010282905","https://openalex.org/W3028003652","https://openalex.org/W6747149227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562159987","https://openalex.org/W2004734718","https://openalex.org/W3190332208","https://openalex.org/W4388623464","https://openalex.org/W3126531014","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W2098124661","https://openalex.org/W3006423619","https://openalex.org/W4385625847","https://openalex.org/W3195056770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"State-of-Charge":[0],"(SOC)":[1],"estimation":[2,179,241],"of":[3,16,48,55,83,157,169,209,220,246],"lithium-ion":[4,204],"batteries":[5,205],"have":[6],"a":[7],"great":[8],"significance":[9],"for":[10,239],"ensuring":[11],"the":[12,46,52,56,81,107,129,134,144,154,158,161,166,170,173,181,218,221,225,228,233,244,247],"safety":[13],"and":[14,62,94,99,160,193,196,211],"reliability":[15],"battery":[17,89,187],"management":[18],"systems":[19],"in":[20,85,123,133,190],"electrical":[21],"vehicle.":[22],"Deep":[23],"learning":[24],"method":[25,72,105,183,238],"can":[26,242],"hierarchically":[27],"extract":[28],"complex":[29],"feature":[30],"information":[31,189],"from":[32,207],"input":[33,98],"data":[34],"by":[35,152],"building":[36],"deep":[37],"neural":[38],"networks":[39],"(DNNs)":[40],"with":[41,165,224],"multi-layer":[42],"nonlinear":[43],"transformations.":[44],"With":[45],"development":[47],"graphic":[49],"processing":[50],"unit,":[51],"training":[53],"speed":[54],"network":[57,119],"is":[58,120,140,150],"faster":[59],"than":[60],"before,":[61],"it":[63],"has":[64],"been":[65],"proved":[66],"to":[67,73,78,127,142,177,185,216],"be":[68],"an":[69,103],"effective":[70],"data-driven":[71],"estimate":[74],"SOC.":[75],"In":[76],"order":[77],"further":[79],"explore":[80],"potential":[82],"DNNs":[84],"SOC":[86,100,240],"estimation,":[87],"take":[88],"measurements":[90],"like":[91],"voltage,":[92],"current":[93,162],"temperature":[95],"directly":[96],"as":[97,101],"output,":[102],"improved":[104],"using":[106],"Nesterov":[108],"Accelerated":[109],"Gradient":[110],"(NAG)":[111],"algorithm":[112],"based":[113,236],"Bidirectional":[114],"Gated":[115],"Recurrent":[116],"Unit":[117],"(Bi-GRU)":[118],"put":[121],"forward":[122,192],"this":[124],"paper.":[125],"Notably,":[126],"address":[128],"oscillation":[130],"problem":[131],"existing":[132],"traditional":[135],"gradient":[136,147,155],"descent":[137],"algorithm,":[138],"NAG":[139,235],"used":[141],"optimize":[143],"Bi-GRU.":[145],"The":[146],"update":[148],"direction":[149],"corrected":[151],"considering":[153],"influence":[156],"historical":[159],"moment,":[163],"combined":[164],"estimated":[167],"location":[168],"parameters":[171],"at":[172,249],"next":[174],"moment.":[175],"Compared":[176,223],"state-of-the-art":[178],"methods,":[180,227],"proposed":[182,234],"enables":[184],"capture":[186],"temporal":[188],"both":[191],"backward":[194],"directions":[195],"get":[197],"independent":[198],"context":[199],"information.":[200],"Finally,":[201],"two":[202],"well-recognized":[203],"datasets":[206],"University":[208,213],"Maryland":[210],"McMaster":[212],"are":[214],"applied":[215],"verify":[217],"validity":[219],"research.":[222],"previous":[226],"experimental":[229],"results":[230],"demonstrate":[231],"that":[232],"Bi-GRU":[237],"improve":[243],"precision":[245],"prediction":[248],"various":[250],"ambient":[251],"temperature.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
