{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3117411525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046951","title":"Pixel2point: 3D Object Reconstruction From a Single Image Using CNN and Initial Sphere","display_name":"Pixel2point: 3D Object Reconstruction From a Single Image Using CNN and Initial Sphere","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3117411525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046951","mag":"3117411525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046951","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09305196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09305196.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039719067","display_name":"Ahmed J. Afifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-6753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed J. Afifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Remote Sensing, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-6753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Remote Sensing, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077211990","display_name":"Jannes S. Magnusson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-735X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jannes Magnusson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Image Science and Computational Modeling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Image Science and Computational Modeling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008967203","display_name":"Toufique Ahmed Soomro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-0026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toufique A. Soomro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science, and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science, and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081055268","display_name":"Olaf Hellwich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-9266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olaf Hellwich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Remote Sensing, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-9266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Remote Sensing, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1661,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1791},"fwci":1.9807,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85426075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"110","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8941559195518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7315019965171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.7200807929039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6174684762954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6146589517593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6125444173812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5890823602676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5704392790794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5527339577674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4772089123725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.47296637296676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4699447453022003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.42131859064102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2085992693901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08990257978439331}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8941559195518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7315019965171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.7200807929039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6174684762954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6146589517593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6125444173812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5890823602676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5704392790794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5527339577674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4772089123725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.47296637296676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4699447453022003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.42131859064102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2085992693901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08990257978439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046951","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09305196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/e6470200-7007-4551-a510-d7ca8e1910c6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/e6470200-7007-4551-a510-d7ca8e1910c6","pdf_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/files/603721854/572857143_published_article.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055442","display_name":"Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Afifi , A J, Magnusson, J, Soomro, T A & Hellwich, O 2021, 'Pixel2point : 3D object reconstruction from a single image using CNN and initial sphere', IEEE Access, vol. 9, 9305196, pp. 110-121. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3046951","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af0c7e4ff3f2478ea50447958234f320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af0c7e4ff3f2478ea50447958234f320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 110-121 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046951","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09305196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324094","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3117411525.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3117411525.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W313314885","https://openalex.org/W1495759771","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1592011777","https://openalex.org/W1946609740","https://openalex.org/W1992989752","https://openalex.org/W2027560260","https://openalex.org/W2051829081","https://openalex.org/W2120294288","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2165156821","https://openalex.org/W2190691619","https://openalex.org/W2342277278","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2546066744","https://openalex.org/W2558748708","https://openalex.org/W2560722161","https://openalex.org/W2604493845","https://openalex.org/W2610992077","https://openalex.org/W2698857938","https://openalex.org/W2750632489","https://openalex.org/W2942723599","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2962778872","https://openalex.org/W2962931817","https://openalex.org/W2962988048","https://openalex.org/W2963111259","https://openalex.org/W2964121028","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2976637077","https://openalex.org/W2995156953","https://openalex.org/W4289751534","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4394671432","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6687484953","https://openalex.org/W6703956885","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6729001083","https://openalex.org/W6737473993","https://openalex.org/W6739954837","https://openalex.org/W6750179221","https://openalex.org/W6753671802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W2063823869","https://openalex.org/W2047973478","https://openalex.org/W2562256921","https://openalex.org/W3035069238","https://openalex.org/W3182611934","https://openalex.org/W4225274307","https://openalex.org/W2514264328","https://openalex.org/W4388067754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,51,80],"reconstruction":[1],"from":[2,47],"a":[3,13,23,33,41,48,65,84,92,96,106],"single":[4,49,85],"image":[5,86],"has":[6,152],"many":[7],"useful":[8],"applications.":[9],"However,":[10],"it":[11,158],"is":[12,109,134],"challenging":[14],"and":[15,67,90,124,179,183,196,199],"ill-posed":[16],"problem":[17,177],"as":[18,157],"various":[19],"candidates":[20],"can":[21,53],"be":[22,54,64],"solution":[24],"for":[25],"the":[26,113,131,145,148,154,160,163,168,172,194],"reconstruction.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29,176],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"propose":[32],"simple,":[34],"yet":[35],"powerful,":[36],"CNN":[37],"model":[38,72,119,133,188],"that":[39,130,140],"generates":[40,91],"point":[42,93,103,115,138,150],"cloud":[43,94,104,151],"of":[44,87,99,105],"an":[45,88,190],"object":[46,89,164],"image.":[50],"data":[52,78],"represented":[55],"in":[56,174],"different":[57],"ways.":[58],"Point":[59],"clouds":[60,139],"have":[61],"proven":[62],"to":[63,111,136,144,193],"common":[66],"simple":[68],"representation.":[69],"The":[70,117,186],"proposed":[71,118,132,169,187],"was":[73,120],"trained":[74],"end-to-end":[75],"on":[76,122,162,181],"synthetic":[77,123,182],"with":[79,95],"supervision.":[81],"It":[82],"takes":[83],"fixed":[97],"number":[98],"points.":[100],"An":[101],"initial":[102,149],"sphere":[107],"shape":[108],"used":[110],"improve":[112],"generated":[114],"cloud.":[116],"tested":[121],"real":[125,184],"data.":[126],"Qualitative":[127],"evaluations":[128],"demonstrate":[129],"able":[135],"generate":[137],"are":[141],"very":[142],"close":[143],"ground-truth.":[146],"Also,":[147],"improved":[153],"final":[155],"results":[156],"distributes":[159],"points":[161],"surface":[165],"evenly.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"method":[170],"outperforms":[171],"state-of-the-art":[173],"solving":[175],"quantitatively":[178],"qualitatively":[180],"images.":[185],"illustrates":[189],"outstanding":[191],"generalization":[192],"new":[195],"unseen":[197],"images":[198],"scenes.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}