{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3115005681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046493","title":"Design and Implementation of Multilevel Inverters for Electric Vehicles","display_name":"Design and Implementation of Multilevel Inverters for Electric Vehicles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3115005681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046493","mag":"3115005681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046493","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09303361.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09303361.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013603692","display_name":"C. Dhanamjayulu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0054-0149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Dhanamjayulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark","School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005573392","display_name":"Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-2750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017310885","display_name":"Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-3138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004370924","display_name":"Jens Bo Holm\u2010Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-9691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039395705","display_name":"Frede Blaabjerg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-7412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frede Blaabjerg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Reliable Power Electronics (CORPE), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Reliable Power Electronics (CORPE), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5221,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90171936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"317","last_page":"338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6180059909820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3316676616668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15403494238853455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6180059909820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3316676616668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15403494238853455}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046493","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09303361.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/f1b89a6d-37a0-448b-9dc9-f03f92774968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/f1b89a6d-37a0-448b-9dc9-f03f92774968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chittathuru, D, Padmanaban, S, Ramachandaramurthy, V K, Holm-Nielsen, J B & Blaabjerg, F 2021, 'Design and Implementation of Multilevel Inverters for Electric Vehicles.', IEEE Access, vol. 9, 9303361, pp. 317-338. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3046493","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef5572904bd24c52b3a050590f91a2ac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef5572904bd24c52b3a050590f91a2ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 317-338 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/f1b89a6d-37a0-448b-9dc9-f03f92774968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098769724&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chittathuru , D , Padmanaban , S , Ramachandaramurthy , V K , Holm-Nielsen , J B & Blaabjerg , F 2021 , ' Design and Implementation of Multilevel Inverters for Electric Vehicles. ' , IEEE Access , vol. 9 , 9303361 , pp. 317-338 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3046493","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046493","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09303361.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321409","display_name":"Aalborg Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322838","display_name":"VIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323263","display_name":"Udenrigsministeriet","ror":"https://ror.org/03nvkc167"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600329319","https://openalex.org/W1860502959","https://openalex.org/W1977858618","https://openalex.org/W1981926271","https://openalex.org/W1988224651","https://openalex.org/W1989747454","https://openalex.org/W1994625835","https://openalex.org/W2047643631","https://openalex.org/W2063111365","https://openalex.org/W2071293775","https://openalex.org/W2083048944","https://openalex.org/W2091902470","https://openalex.org/W2094014553","https://openalex.org/W2109469054","https://openalex.org/W2110614351","https://openalex.org/W2111766817","https://openalex.org/W2117600356","https://openalex.org/W2129190767","https://openalex.org/W2131841686","https://openalex.org/W2135606433","https://openalex.org/W2137047571","https://openalex.org/W2146481133","https://openalex.org/W2154462533","https://openalex.org/W2160084350","https://openalex.org/W2160830391","https://openalex.org/W2191155575","https://openalex.org/W2344741576","https://openalex.org/W2362462751","https://openalex.org/W2417351786","https://openalex.org/W2476095914","https://openalex.org/W2501701257","https://openalex.org/W2585456229","https://openalex.org/W2588489920","https://openalex.org/W2592517717","https://openalex.org/W2597579544","https://openalex.org/W2599269342","https://openalex.org/W2613046021","https://openalex.org/W2702170801","https://openalex.org/W2774471691","https://openalex.org/W2888367681","https://openalex.org/W2904902278","https://openalex.org/W2910979592","https://openalex.org/W2927264835","https://openalex.org/W2968812074","https://openalex.org/W2972784626","https://openalex.org/W2984321064","https://openalex.org/W3008993405","https://openalex.org/W3010139507","https://openalex.org/W3092023077","https://openalex.org/W3092037215","https://openalex.org/W4254643102","https://openalex.org/W6639019704","https://openalex.org/W6784002021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,36,55,70,107,139],"efficient":[1],"and":[2,17,63,75,102,114,123,135,182,185,193,203,214,232],"compact":[3],"design":[4],"of":[5,38,40,49,52,66,86,104,170,180],"multilevel":[6,26],"inverters":[7,141],"(MLI)":[8],"motivates":[9],"in":[10,168,229,244],"various":[11,160],"applications":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"solar":[15,108],"PV":[16],"electric":[18,156],"vehicles":[19],"(EV).":[20],"This":[21,96,153],"paper":[22],"proposes":[23],"a":[24,31,112,119,132],"53-Level":[25],"inverter":[27],"topology":[28],"based":[29,44],"on":[30,45,159],"switched":[32],"capacitor":[33,183],"(SC)":[34],"approach.":[35],"number":[37,51,85,179],"levels":[39,65],"MLI":[41],"is":[42,73,89,124,166,208,215,220,227],"designed":[43],"the":[46,50,67,80,84,91,98,105,127,178,190,212,230,240],"cascade":[47],"connection":[48],"SC":[53,56],"cells.":[54],"cells":[57],"are":[58,94,142,198,242],"cascaded":[59],"for":[60,79],"implementing":[61],"17":[62],"33":[64],"output":[68],"voltage.":[69],"proposed":[71,140],"structure":[72],"straightforward":[74],"easy":[76],"to":[77,210],"implement":[78],"higher":[81],"levels.":[82],"As":[83],"active":[87],"switches":[88,171],"less,":[90],"driver":[92,174],"circuits":[93],"reduced.":[95],"reduces":[97],"device":[99],"count,":[100,172,177,184],"cost,":[101],"size":[103],"MLI.":[106],"panels,":[109],"along":[110],"with":[111,149,200],"perturb":[113],"observe":[115],"(P&O)":[116],"algorithm,":[117],"provide":[118],"stable":[120],"DC":[121,128],"voltage":[122,130],"boosted":[125],"over":[126],"link":[129],"using":[131],"single":[133],"input":[134],"multi-output":[136],"converter":[137],"(SIMO).":[138],"tested":[143],"experimentally":[144,234],"under":[145,221,235],"dynamic":[146,236],"load":[147,151,237],"variations":[148],"sudden":[150],"disturbances.":[152],"represents":[154],"an":[155],"vehicle":[157],"moving":[158],"road":[161],"conditions.":[162],"A":[163,224],"detailed":[164],"comparison":[165],"made":[167],"terms":[169],"gate":[173],"boards,":[175],"sources":[176],"diodes":[181],"component":[186],"count":[187],"factor.":[188],"For":[189],"17-level,":[191],"33-level,":[192],"53-level":[194],"MLI,":[195],"simulation":[196],"results":[197],"verified":[199,233],"experimental":[201],"results,":[202],"total":[204],"harmonic":[205],"distortion":[206],"(THD)":[207],"observed":[209],"be":[211],"same":[213],"lower":[216],"than":[217],"5%":[218],"which":[219],"IEEE":[222],"standards.":[223],"hardware":[225],"prototype":[226],"implemented":[228],"laboratory":[231],"variations,":[238],"whereas":[239],"simulations":[241],"done":[243],"MATLAB/Simulink.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}