{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3115652747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046079","title":"Industrial Agglomeration, University-Industry Collaboration and Patent Output: Evidence From the Chinese High-Tech Industry","display_name":"Industrial Agglomeration, University-Industry Collaboration and Patent Output: Evidence From the Chinese High-Tech Industry","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3115652747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046079","mag":"3115652747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046079","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09300222.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09300222.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662595","display_name":"Bing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-2511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-2511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037500185","display_name":"Ruihan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-1476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruihan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-1476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102809133","display_name":"Hongying Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongying Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1586-2143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100662595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5526,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90860091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"228466","last_page":"228479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-agglomeration","display_name":"Economies of agglomeration","score":0.7566814422607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","score":0.6902047395706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6526479721069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6159655451774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.5805503726005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-tech","display_name":"High tech","score":0.5553669333457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.5526955723762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.435286283493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.26754438877105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.15785041451454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.06344634294509888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131850264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383056","display_name":"Economies of agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.7566814422607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.6902047395706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6526479721069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6159655451774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5805503726005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191920346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466410","display_name":"High tech","level":2,"score":0.5553669333457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5526955723762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.435286283493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26754438877105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.15785041451454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.06344634294509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046079","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09300222.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:754d6f8beef442d592e33cd41d8789c2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/754d6f8beef442d592e33cd41d8789c2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 228466-228479 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046079","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09300222.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5442987448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2020G005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8416390647","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8eMLP\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u4fc3\u8fdb\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71774035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3115652747.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3115652747.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W975842678","https://openalex.org/W1505874073","https://openalex.org/W1511351087","https://openalex.org/W1517138715","https://openalex.org/W1527956849","https://openalex.org/W1551905080","https://openalex.org/W1563358119","https://openalex.org/W1576605329","https://openalex.org/W1598457958","https://openalex.org/W1600259862","https://openalex.org/W1749833815","https://openalex.org/W1839420489","https://openalex.org/W1964749670","https://openalex.org/W1966274078","https://openalex.org/W1969022755","https://openalex.org/W1980673476","https://openalex.org/W1981930118","https://openalex.org/W1986652597","https://openalex.org/W1987742549","https://openalex.org/W1988643287","https://openalex.org/W1991336385","https://openalex.org/W2001917101","https://openalex.org/W2002569379","https://openalex.org/W2005114364","https://openalex.org/W2005396663","https://openalex.org/W2007917207","https://openalex.org/W2013386523","https://openalex.org/W2021013309","https://openalex.org/W2022220920","https://openalex.org/W2024745082","https://openalex.org/W2025670558","https://openalex.org/W2036667554","https://openalex.org/W2039499026","https://openalex.org/W2042125252","https://openalex.org/W2049570184","https://openalex.org/W2055478704","https://openalex.org/W2055659173","https://openalex.org/W2059761593","https://openalex.org/W2064864566","https://openalex.org/W2066424397","https://openalex.org/W2082151702","https://openalex.org/W2082298179","https://openalex.org/W2086239372","https://openalex.org/W2088201409","https://openalex.org/W2091977096","https://openalex.org/W2095197847","https://openalex.org/W2097714092","https://openalex.org/W2100966817","https://openalex.org/W2104792098","https://openalex.org/W2116592643","https://openalex.org/W2130030784","https://openalex.org/W2132835719","https://openalex.org/W2144199159","https://openalex.org/W2146344723","https://openalex.org/W2151271755","https://openalex.org/W2162484441","https://openalex.org/W2202689482","https://openalex.org/W2223499904","https://openalex.org/W2293495060","https://openalex.org/W2498729075","https://openalex.org/W2548157645","https://openalex.org/W2558996419","https://openalex.org/W2616222849","https://openalex.org/W2621778840","https://openalex.org/W2625989575","https://openalex.org/W2767777051","https://openalex.org/W2791937108","https://openalex.org/W2796147482","https://openalex.org/W2796948825","https://openalex.org/W2913084964","https://openalex.org/W2949094895","https://openalex.org/W2950840123","https://openalex.org/W2997919908","https://openalex.org/W3121537542","https://openalex.org/W3121641331","https://openalex.org/W3121773205","https://openalex.org/W3121845422","https://openalex.org/W3122014499","https://openalex.org/W3123122017","https://openalex.org/W3123581656","https://openalex.org/W3124317057","https://openalex.org/W3124653239","https://openalex.org/W3124711852","https://openalex.org/W3125969740","https://openalex.org/W4246869040","https://openalex.org/W4299953765","https://openalex.org/W4388169926","https://openalex.org/W6630904541","https://openalex.org/W6660704564","https://openalex.org/W6670870726","https://openalex.org/W6750357466","https://openalex.org/W6789192127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350758907","https://openalex.org/W1534297034","https://openalex.org/W1831631801","https://openalex.org/W2149242457","https://openalex.org/W3116257295","https://openalex.org/W2013461157","https://openalex.org/W2270134981","https://openalex.org/W2356227673","https://openalex.org/W2364331450","https://openalex.org/W4281931798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,21,29,39,58,65,89],"different":[4],"effects":[5],"of":[6,31,34,61,79],"industrial":[7,46,69],"aggregation,":[8],"industry-university":[9,49,72],"collaboration,":[10],"foreign":[11,80],"direct":[12,81],"investment":[13,82],"and":[14,20,48,71,83],"government":[15,84],"support":[16,85],"on":[17,57],"innovation":[18,32,90],"performance":[19],"synergistic":[22,66,94],"effect":[23,67,95],"between":[24,68],"them,":[25],"thereby":[26],"to":[27],"identify":[28],"determinants":[30],"output":[33,60],"Chinese":[35],"high-tech":[36,62],"industry":[37],"in":[38],"period":[40],"2009-2018.":[41],"The":[42],"results":[43],"indicate":[44],"that":[45],"agglomeration":[47,70],"collaboration":[50,73],"both":[51,78],"have":[52],"a":[53],"significant":[54],"positive":[55],"impact":[56],"patent":[59],"industries,":[63],"but":[64],"is":[74,96],"significantly":[75],"negative.":[76],"Meanwhile,":[77],"could":[86],"negatively":[87],"affect":[88],"output,":[91],"while":[92],"their":[93],"positive.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
