{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3114734442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046011","title":"Measure Vulnerability of Metro Network Under Cascading Failure","display_name":"Measure Vulnerability of Metro Network Under Cascading Failure","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3114734442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046011","mag":"3114734442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046011","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09300186.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09300186.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101488590","display_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9883-3734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90727586","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055vj5234","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024225403","display_name":"Canwei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-6085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90727586","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055vj5234","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Canwei Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, Library, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, Library, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101488590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90727586"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1816,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86562637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"683","last_page":"692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9517999887466431,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.9254592657089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6787334084510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5567448735237122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.5224758386611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-index","display_name":"Vulnerability index","score":0.5165876150131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependent-networks","display_name":"Interdependent networks","score":0.43051066994667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4253152310848236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.42448678612709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3301003575325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3158748745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.30202871561050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2176324427127838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.12579411268234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-resilience","display_name":"Psychological resilience","score":0.0693831741809845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.9254592657089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6787334084510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5567448735237122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.5224758386611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7943568","display_name":"Vulnerability index","level":3,"score":0.5165876150131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101142422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17101727","display_name":"Interdependent networks","level":3,"score":0.43051066994667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4253152310848236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.42448678612709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3301003575325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3158748745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.30202871561050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2176324427127838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.12579411268234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0693831741809845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046011","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09300186.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b2fe2b6be4e461baa7ddc5ac05014c5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b2fe2b6be4e461baa7ddc5ac05014c5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 683-692 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3046011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046011","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09300186.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1996067622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LQ18G030012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2299591032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18YJC630190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G430909811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18YJC630190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335982","funder_display_name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335982","display_name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3114734442.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3114734442.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527366066","https://openalex.org/W1682091427","https://openalex.org/W1975184330","https://openalex.org/W1991792027","https://openalex.org/W1996643763","https://openalex.org/W2000182187","https://openalex.org/W2018229359","https://openalex.org/W2036270984","https://openalex.org/W2036909934","https://openalex.org/W2106034715","https://openalex.org/W2465784052","https://openalex.org/W2521714574","https://openalex.org/W2528487512","https://openalex.org/W2596508235","https://openalex.org/W2756224152","https://openalex.org/W2763982154","https://openalex.org/W2779132528","https://openalex.org/W2779541727","https://openalex.org/W2787518599","https://openalex.org/W2793490849","https://openalex.org/W2801117491","https://openalex.org/W2804302282","https://openalex.org/W2807023025","https://openalex.org/W2913536402","https://openalex.org/W2917077608","https://openalex.org/W2917487496","https://openalex.org/W2938914598","https://openalex.org/W2942311670","https://openalex.org/W2969175088","https://openalex.org/W3019418882","https://openalex.org/W3027237596","https://openalex.org/W3049187163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076616403","https://openalex.org/W2371613754","https://openalex.org/W4284687079","https://openalex.org/W2050410932","https://openalex.org/W4285132848","https://openalex.org/W1968164782","https://openalex.org/W3194863767","https://openalex.org/W3204651252","https://openalex.org/W2044566076","https://openalex.org/W2075683121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metro":[0],"network":[1,52,63,78,88,136,142,157,177,196,227],"is":[2,46,105,131,182,203],"the":[3,17,33,40,50,58,65,69,75,84,91,109,170,187,192,204,208,217,221,252,263],"important":[4],"lifeline":[5],"in":[6,64,166,169,186,194],"modern":[7],"cities.":[8],"Its":[9],"stability":[10,250],"and":[11,22,38,94,124,156,216,241,249],"reliability":[12,248],"are":[13,149],"critical":[14],"for":[15,235,245,257],"guaranteeing":[16],"urban":[18,26],"residents'":[19],"efficient":[20],"commuting":[21],"continuous":[23],"operation":[24,247],"of":[25,30,35,42,61,71,77,86,112,121,175,238,251],"functions.":[27],"A":[28],"series":[29],"disruptions":[31],"show":[32],"vulnerability":[34,59,85,174,237],"metro":[36,62,87,135,141,171,176,195,226,239],"network,":[37,240,253],"even":[39],"breakdown":[41],"a":[43,101,116,232],"single":[44],"node":[45,202],"sufficient":[47],"to":[48,54,107,133,151,191,207,261],"collapse":[49],"entire":[51],"due":[53],"cascading":[55,72,98,113,129,153,163,180,213],"failure.":[56,99],"However,":[57],"assessments":[60],"previous":[66],"studies":[67],"neglect":[68],"impact":[70],"failure":[73,130,154,181,214],"on":[74,200,220],"drop":[76],"service":[79],"performance.":[80],"This":[81,229],"paper":[82],"measures":[83],"by":[89],"capturing":[90],"demand":[92,122],"loss":[93,123],"travel":[95,125],"delay":[96,127],"under":[97,128],"First,":[100],"load-capacity":[102],"based":[103],"model":[104],"developed":[106],"describe":[108],"dynamic":[110],"process":[111,155],"failures.":[114],"Then,":[115],"weighted":[117],"composite":[118],"index":[119],"composed":[120],"time":[126],"used":[132],"measure":[134],"vulnerability.":[137,158,197,228],"Finally,":[138],"taking":[139],"Shanghai":[140],"as":[143,254,256],"an":[144],"example,":[145],"five":[146],"attack":[147,199],"scenarios":[148],"simulated":[150],"investigate":[152],"The":[159,173,184],"results":[160],"reveal":[161],"that":[162],"failures":[164],"result":[165],"severe":[167],"consequences":[168],"network.":[172,264],"without":[178],"considering":[179],"underestimated.":[183],"decrease":[185],"tolerance":[188,209],"parameter":[189],"leads":[190],"increase":[193],"Random":[198],"one":[201],"most":[205],"sensitive":[206],"parameter.":[210],"Node":[211],"betweenness,":[212],"path":[215],"initial":[218],"load":[219],"overloaded":[222],"nodes":[223],"also":[224,242],"affect":[225],"study":[230],"provides":[231,243],"new":[233],"perspective":[234],"understanding":[236],"insights":[244],"improving":[246],"well":[255],"designing":[258],"emergency":[259],"strategies":[260],"protect":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
