{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111676751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045469","title":"Exploring Machine Learning Algorithms to Find the Best Features for Predicting Modes of Childbirth","display_name":"Exploring Machine Learning Algorithms to Find the Best Features for Predicting Modes of Childbirth","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111676751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045469","mag":"3111676751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045469","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09296752.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09296752.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046681246","display_name":"Muhammad Nazrul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-4879"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nazrul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-4879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045820912","display_name":"Tahasin Mahmud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-514X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahasin Mahmud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-514X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029155757","display_name":"Nafiz Imtiaz Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-6012"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nafiz Imtiaz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-6012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044095598","display_name":"Sumaiya Nuha Mustafina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-7918"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumaiya Nuha Mustafina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-7918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038071005","display_name":"A.K.M. Najmul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-3278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. K. M. Najmul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-3278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.0239,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9124715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1680","last_page":"1692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11389","display_name":"Maternal and fetal healthcare","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childbirth","display_name":"Childbirth","score":0.7248694896697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7118015289306641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6821691989898682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6354756355285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6108121871948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5643177032470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5587025284767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.497060090303421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.4370811879634857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33500826358795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"Pregnancy","score":0.21729856729507446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779703513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34581","display_name":"Childbirth","level":3,"score":0.7248694896697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7118015289306641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6821691989898682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6354756355285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6108121871948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5643177032470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5587025284767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.497060090303421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4370811879634857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33500826358795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.21729856729507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045469","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09296752.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b51c1c871f91491b9102da80580e09b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b51c1c871f91491b9102da80580e09b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 1680-1692 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045469","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09296752.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111676751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111676751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487321909","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1620624864","https://openalex.org/W1953222123","https://openalex.org/W1972633204","https://openalex.org/W1977253023","https://openalex.org/W1999224392","https://openalex.org/W1999918588","https://openalex.org/W2020894655","https://openalex.org/W2054439472","https://openalex.org/W2063552628","https://openalex.org/W2069126059","https://openalex.org/W2084940885","https://openalex.org/W2091679469","https://openalex.org/W2092454808","https://openalex.org/W2098107375","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2106956101","https://openalex.org/W2118538015","https://openalex.org/W2124789132","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2147169507","https://openalex.org/W2156928686","https://openalex.org/W2158684528","https://openalex.org/W2167052359","https://openalex.org/W2462934640","https://openalex.org/W2463638724","https://openalex.org/W2513937744","https://openalex.org/W2544410827","https://openalex.org/W2790478710","https://openalex.org/W2888126865","https://openalex.org/W2896867593","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2922860380","https://openalex.org/W2945105633","https://openalex.org/W2954368032","https://openalex.org/W2977172419","https://openalex.org/W2996352067","https://openalex.org/W3002159084","https://openalex.org/W3003328981","https://openalex.org/W3041911350","https://openalex.org/W3048887539","https://openalex.org/W4244238212","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W7014717351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200112873","https://openalex.org/W2955796858","https://openalex.org/W4224941037","https://openalex.org/W2004826645","https://openalex.org/W3135818052","https://openalex.org/W4366990902","https://openalex.org/W4317732970","https://openalex.org/W4388550696","https://openalex.org/W4224922629","https://openalex.org/W4321636153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17,55,157],"mode":[1,23,71,90,127],"of":[2,12,24,30,40,57,72,91,128,155,168],"delivery":[3,25,41],"is":[4,26],"a":[5,111,116,152],"crucial":[6],"determinant":[7],"for":[8,20,50,68,87,124,144,165],"ensuring":[9],"the":[10,22,28,31,37,65,70,83,89,121,126,140,172,190],"safety":[11],"both":[13,51],"mother":[14,52],"and":[15,46,53,74,115,151,170,195,220],"child.":[16],"current":[18],"practice":[19],"predicting":[21,88,125,166],"generally":[27],"opinion":[29],"physician":[32],"in":[33],"charge,":[34],"but":[35],"choosing":[36],"wrong":[38],"method":[39],"can":[42],"cause":[43],"different":[44,132,175],"short-term":[45],"long-term":[47],"health":[48],"issues":[49],"baby.":[54],"purpose":[56],"this":[58],"study":[59,106],"was":[60,107],"twofold:":[61],"first,":[62],"to":[63,76,119,138],"reveal":[64],"possible":[66,85],"features":[67,86,123,161,173],"determining":[69],"childbirth,":[73,129],"second,":[75],"explore":[77,120],"machine":[78,133,223],"learning":[79,134],"algorithms":[80,135],"by":[81,207],"considering":[82,229],"best":[84],"childbirth":[92,169],"(vaginal":[93],"birth,":[94,96],"cesarean":[95],"emergency":[97],"cesarean,":[98],"vacuum":[99],"extraction,":[100],"or":[101],"forceps":[102],"delivery).":[103],"An":[104],"empirical":[105],"conducted,":[108],"which":[109],"included":[110],"literature":[112],"review,":[113],"interviews,":[114],"structured":[117],"survey":[118],"relevant":[122],"while":[130],"five":[131],"were":[136,163,183],"explored":[137],"identify":[139],"most":[141],"significant":[142],"algorithm":[143],"prediction":[145],"based":[146,177],"on":[147,178],"6157":[148],"birth":[149],"records":[150],"minimum":[153],"set":[154],"features.":[156,234],"research":[158],"revealed":[159],"32":[160],"that":[162],"suitable":[164],"modes":[167],"categorized":[171],"into":[174],"groups":[176],"their":[179],"importance.":[180],"Various":[181],"models":[182],"developed,":[184],"with":[185],"stacking":[186],"classification":[187],"(SC)":[188],"producing":[189],"highest":[191],"f1":[192],"score":[193],"(97.9%)":[194],"random":[196],"forest":[197],"(RF)":[198],"performing":[199],"almost":[200],"as":[201],"well":[202],"(f1-score":[203],"=":[204,212,218,226,232],"97.3%),":[205],"followed":[206],"k-nearest":[208],"neighbors":[209],"(KNN;":[210],"f1-score":[211,217,225],"95.8%),":[213],"decision":[214],"tree":[215],"(DT;":[216],"93.2%),":[219],"support":[221],"vector":[222],"(SVM;":[224],"88.6%)":[227],"techniques,":[228],"all":[230],"(n":[231],"32)":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
