{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3113177570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045287","title":"A Zero Placement Algorithm for Synthesis of Flat Top Beam Pattern With Low Sidelobe Level","display_name":"A Zero Placement Algorithm for Synthesis of Flat Top Beam Pattern With Low Sidelobe Level","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3113177570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045287","mag":"3113177570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045287","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09296218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09296218.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025549923","display_name":"Shaowei Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6556-3483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaowei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400058","display_name":"Minghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8151-3101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047892843","display_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025549923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":22.7881,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98912668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"225935","last_page":"225944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.8425688743591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6707078814506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5115402936935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5109288096427917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.4600055515766144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","score":0.4385261833667755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3656241297721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20445743203163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.15609684586524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15219056606292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.14796999096870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1429193913936615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.8425688743591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6707078814506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5115402936935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5109288096427917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4600055515766144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4385261833667755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3656241297721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20445743203163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.15609684586524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15219056606292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.14796999096870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1429193913936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045287","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09296218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:227155","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/42939.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c9e4e5538a54d1a9c1b3a47571b2f66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c9e4e5538a54d1a9c1b3a47571b2f66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 225935-225944 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045287","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09296218.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2802911279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Young","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320742","display_name":"Economic Development Board - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqj0b62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3113177570.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3113177570.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104925927","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2019204771","https://openalex.org/W2021179524","https://openalex.org/W2024059910","https://openalex.org/W2049387919","https://openalex.org/W2090256532","https://openalex.org/W2107213110","https://openalex.org/W2109039227","https://openalex.org/W2118119802","https://openalex.org/W2119718570","https://openalex.org/W2140273105","https://openalex.org/W2145486800","https://openalex.org/W2166840709","https://openalex.org/W2166887421","https://openalex.org/W2246450175","https://openalex.org/W2342908503","https://openalex.org/W2566894439","https://openalex.org/W2568264683","https://openalex.org/W2576246265","https://openalex.org/W2769514155","https://openalex.org/W2784091026","https://openalex.org/W2802688786","https://openalex.org/W2854316970","https://openalex.org/W2890776330","https://openalex.org/W2902159656","https://openalex.org/W2951046557","https://openalex.org/W2952350176","https://openalex.org/W2960262734","https://openalex.org/W3011833232","https://openalex.org/W3033132078","https://openalex.org/W3087983907","https://openalex.org/W4242686705","https://openalex.org/W4253877371","https://openalex.org/W4256245490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087159119","https://openalex.org/W3133309669","https://openalex.org/W2589070551","https://openalex.org/W1613226384","https://openalex.org/W4387714700","https://openalex.org/W2969395133","https://openalex.org/W2364986039","https://openalex.org/W2164011616","https://openalex.org/W2604634667","https://openalex.org/W2765726077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flat":[0,28],"top":[1],"beam":[2,31,148,176,229],"pattern":[3,32],"synthesis":[4,33],"is":[5,35,68,78],"increasingly":[6],"important":[7],"for":[8,27,183,241],"beamformer":[9],"in":[10,37,42,137,217,231],"high":[11,242],"mobility":[12,243],"scenarios":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,81,107],"the":[16,49,59,89,98,117,121,124,130,138,143,146,160,163,173,195,200,227,246],"rapid":[17],"change":[18],"of":[19,21,88,102,123,145,162],"Direction":[20],"Arrival":[22],"(DOA).":[23],"A":[24],"Zero":[25],"Placement":[26],"Top":[29],"(ZPFT)":[30],"algorithm":[34],"presented":[36],"this":[38],"article.":[39],"It":[40,192],"works":[41,136],"Z":[43],"domain":[44,141],"directly":[45,127],"and":[46,128],"breaks":[47],"down":[48],"total":[50],"response":[51],"into":[52],"two":[53,103],"portions.":[54],"The":[55,75,86],"first":[56],"portion":[57,77],"satisfies":[58],"beamwidth":[60],"requirement":[61],"with":[62,180,189,210],"low":[63],"Sidelobe":[64],"Level":[65],"(SLL)":[66],"which":[67],"realized":[69],"through":[70,152],"algorithms":[71],"like":[72,206],"Dolph-Chebyshev":[73],"algorithm.":[74,164],"second":[76],"then":[79],"used":[80],"create":[82],"a":[83,153],"broadening":[84,90,99],"effect.":[85],"location":[87],"zeros":[91,122],"are":[92],"derived":[93],"using":[94],"principles":[95],"result":[96],"from":[97],"effect":[100],"analysis":[101],"quadratic":[104],"functions.":[105],"Compared":[106],"conventional":[108],"Finite":[109],"Impulse":[110],"Response":[111],"(FIR)":[112],"method":[113,119,182],"or":[114],"iterative":[115],"methods,":[116],"proposed":[118],"identifies":[120],"array":[125],"factor":[126],"computes":[129],"weight":[131],"without":[132],"iteration.":[133],"Since":[134],"it":[135,237],"spatial":[139],"angle":[140,155],"directly,":[142],"steering":[144],"mainlobe":[147],"could":[149],"be":[150],"implemented":[151],"simple":[154],"shift.":[156],"Numerical":[157],"simulation":[158],"confirms":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"ZPFT":[165,224],"can":[166,193,225],"achieve":[167,194],"22dB":[168],"lower":[169],"SLL":[170],"while":[171],"maintaining":[172],"same":[174,196],"main":[175,228],"performance":[177,198],"as":[178,199],"compared":[179],"FIR":[181],"an":[184,218,238],"Uniform":[185],"Linear":[186],"Array":[187],"(ULA)":[188],"7":[190],"elements.":[191],"optimal":[197],"iteration":[201],"based":[202],"global":[203],"optimisation":[204],"techniques":[205],"Semi-Definite":[207],"Relaxation":[208],"(SDR)":[209],"about":[211],"380":[212],"times":[213],"less":[214],"computing":[215],"time":[216],"Intel":[219],"Core":[220],"i7":[221],"Windows":[222],"platform.":[223],"steer":[226],"easily":[230],"real":[232],"time.":[233],"All":[234],"these":[235],"make":[236],"ideal":[239],"candidate":[240],"applications":[244],"where":[245],"DOA":[247],"changes":[248],"rapidly.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
