{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112380884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045006","title":"Distance Estimation of High-Speed Underwater Targets Based on a Frequency-Coded Continuous Wave","display_name":"Distance Estimation of High-Speed Underwater Targets Based on a Frequency-Coded Continuous Wave","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112380884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045006","mag":"3112380884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045006","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09294102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09294102.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028992357","display_name":"Geun\u2010Ho Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geun-Ho Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-7048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102808289","display_name":"Young\u2010Kwang Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-7797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Kwang Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-7797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108017529","display_name":"Wan\u2010Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-3774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, Changwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-3774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, Changwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011135498","display_name":"Hyoung-Nam Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-448X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyoung-Nam Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-448X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54376414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"224803","last_page":"224816"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7239354252815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7185993790626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave","display_name":"Continuous wave","score":0.5704437494277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.5397874116897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.5126275420188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4871037006378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.47666576504707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.453821063041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matched-filter","display_name":"Matched filter","score":0.4430205225944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustics","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","score":0.4421309530735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41708460450172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39946386218070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37514519691467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3415921628475189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32732510566711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2780718207359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13965457677841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12284675240516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11013683676719666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7239354252815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7185993790626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99568719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129003","display_name":"Continuous wave","level":3,"score":0.5704437494277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.5397874116897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.5126275420188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4871037006378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.47666576504707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.453821063041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50151734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759577","display_name":"Matched filter","level":3,"score":0.4430205225944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67467970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292425","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","level":3,"score":0.4421309530735016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41708460450172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39946386218070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37514519691467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3415921628475189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32732510566711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2780718207359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13965457677841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12284675240516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11013683676719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045006","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09294102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f36809dbf95e45618723062433917f58","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f36809dbf95e45618723062433917f58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 224803-224816 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045006","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09294102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8782431197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-00706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112380884.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112380884.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536769779","https://openalex.org/W1543464967","https://openalex.org/W1598868193","https://openalex.org/W1969142081","https://openalex.org/W1989522660","https://openalex.org/W2001646739","https://openalex.org/W2021082829","https://openalex.org/W2027016379","https://openalex.org/W2034154064","https://openalex.org/W2081565391","https://openalex.org/W2103144557","https://openalex.org/W2123646891","https://openalex.org/W2154395745","https://openalex.org/W2157929363","https://openalex.org/W2162095491","https://openalex.org/W2479558434","https://openalex.org/W2540648637","https://openalex.org/W2568618766","https://openalex.org/W2592933168","https://openalex.org/W2614969089","https://openalex.org/W2882984745","https://openalex.org/W2885149016","https://openalex.org/W2897556212","https://openalex.org/W2979967894","https://openalex.org/W3082326591","https://openalex.org/W4253472095","https://openalex.org/W6684093452","https://openalex.org/W6738171923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989468614","https://openalex.org/W4362661796","https://openalex.org/W2556643280","https://openalex.org/W2325565661","https://openalex.org/W2344578948","https://openalex.org/W46613192","https://openalex.org/W4407693652","https://openalex.org/W2363597014","https://openalex.org/W4366376692","https://openalex.org/W1510681752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robust":[0],"and":[1,103,120,127,163,183,189,206],"continuous":[2,20,100],"distance":[3,65,79,85,107,112,187,210],"estimation":[4,66,108,113],"of":[5,59,68,78,86,96,134,141,177,193],"a":[6,11,36,41,55,87,93,97,148],"rapidly":[7],"approaching":[8],"threat":[9],"is":[10,164],"significant":[12],"concern":[13],"in":[14,27,35,160,174,213],"underwater":[15,38,43,89],"technology.":[16],"Although":[17],"frequency":[18,98,143],"modulated":[19],"waves":[21],"(FMCWs)":[22],"have":[23],"been":[24],"widely":[25],"used":[26],"near-range":[28],"situations,":[29],"FMCWs":[30],"are":[31],"challenging":[32],"to":[33,82,166],"use":[34],"specific":[37],"situation.":[39],"If":[40],"high-speed":[42,88],"target":[44,47,209],"appears,":[45],"the":[46,60,64,84,135,139,152,161,169,178,191,200,208,219],"echo":[48],"can":[49,203],"no":[50],"longer":[51],"be":[52],"modeled":[53],"as":[54],"simple":[56],"Doppler-shifted":[57],"version":[58],"wave,":[61],"which":[62],"increases":[63],"error":[67],"conventional":[69],"FMCW":[70],"methods.":[71],"This":[72],"situation":[73],"also":[74],"requires":[75],"frequent":[76],"updates":[77],"estimates.":[80],"Thus,":[81],"obtain":[83],"target,":[90],"we":[91],"propose":[92],"signal":[94],"format":[95],"coded":[99],"wave":[101],"(FCCW)":[102],"develop":[104],"an":[105,175],"FCCW-based":[106],"scheme.":[109],"The":[110,132,155,181],"proposed":[111,136,201],"algorithm":[114,157],"has":[115],"three":[116],"steps:":[117],"group":[118],"correlators":[119],"accumulated":[121],"sum":[122],"(GCAS),":[123],"time-delay":[124],"map":[125],"(TDM),":[126],"Doppler":[128],"line":[129],"fitting":[130],"(DLF).":[131],"structure":[133],"FCCW":[137,162],"enables":[138],"detection":[140],"each":[142],"hopping":[144],"time":[145],"(FHT)":[146],"within":[147],"shorter":[149],"period":[150],"than":[151],"observation":[153],"time.":[154,180,223],"GCAS":[156],"detects":[158],"FHTs":[159,205],"designed":[165],"easily":[167],"extend":[168],"matched":[170,220],"filter":[171],"length,":[172],"resulting":[173],"extension":[176],"acquisition":[179,222],"TDM":[182],"DLF":[184],"provide":[185],"robust":[186],"estimates":[188],"enable":[190],"classification":[192],"multiple":[194],"targets.":[195],"Simulation":[196],"results":[197],"show":[198],"that":[199],"method":[202],"detect":[204],"estimate":[207],"more":[211],"stably":[212],"low":[214],"signal-to-noise-ratio":[215],"environments":[216],"by":[217],"increasing":[218],"filter's":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
