{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111367661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044652","title":"IR-QNN Framework: An IR Drop-Aware Offline Training of Quantized Crossbar Arrays","display_name":"IR-QNN Framework: An IR Drop-Aware Offline Training of Quantized Crossbar Arrays","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111367661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044652","mag":"3111367661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3044652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044652","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09293271.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09293271.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084829415","display_name":"Mohammed E. Fouda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed E. Fouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-3428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030318115","display_name":"Sugil Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-6501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sugil Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ECE, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-6501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780257","display_name":"Jongeun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-2974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongeun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ECE, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-2974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115600762","display_name":"Gun Hwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-4525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151417","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/043k4kk20","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gun Hwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008034875","display_name":"Fadi Kurdahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-365X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadi Kurdahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-365X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109481972","display_name":"Ahmed M. Eltawi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Eltawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-083X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084829415"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1844,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88245476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"228392","last_page":"228408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.8458127975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.7901077270507812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6995044350624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spice","display_name":"Spice","score":0.5085738897323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-network-design","display_name":"Power network design","score":0.4933694899082184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.4368622899055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4281115233898163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4239957332611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.4235239326953888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.34820669889450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34376564621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3292590379714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3120155334472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09547126293182373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.8458127975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.7901077270507812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6995044350624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16891888","display_name":"Spice","level":2,"score":0.5085738897323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164565468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236535","display_name":"Power network design","level":3,"score":0.4933694899082184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.4368622899055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4281115233898163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4239957332611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.4235239326953888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34820669889450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34376564621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3292590379714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3120155334472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09547126293182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3044652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044652","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09293271.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:82cd359f03304aea973f73ac901d4ea1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/82cd359f03304aea973f73ac901d4ea1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 228392-228408 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/666368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/49281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/49281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ARTICLE"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3044652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044652","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09293271.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111367661.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111367661.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1971319818","https://openalex.org/W2028341480","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2082311137","https://openalex.org/W2118803816","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2267635276","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2605257365","https://openalex.org/W2605739168","https://openalex.org/W2729455382","https://openalex.org/W2743942851","https://openalex.org/W2753861483","https://openalex.org/W2767433132","https://openalex.org/W2768104155","https://openalex.org/W2769433089","https://openalex.org/W2775771159","https://openalex.org/W2781163782","https://openalex.org/W2782791387","https://openalex.org/W2785141883","https://openalex.org/W2803022042","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2877207791","https://openalex.org/W2889363961","https://openalex.org/W2905702693","https://openalex.org/W2906226147","https://openalex.org/W2922168646","https://openalex.org/W2923010225","https://openalex.org/W2938440964","https://openalex.org/W2943313495","https://openalex.org/W2943317316","https://openalex.org/W2946522000","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2957706073","https://openalex.org/W2960778947","https://openalex.org/W2964871028","https://openalex.org/W2968914808","https://openalex.org/W2971791668","https://openalex.org/W2971958737","https://openalex.org/W2980034233","https://openalex.org/W3003821665","https://openalex.org/W3080915835","https://openalex.org/W3083318754","https://openalex.org/W3092585568","https://openalex.org/W3101421194","https://openalex.org/W3103963684","https://openalex.org/W3106392217","https://openalex.org/W3107362149","https://openalex.org/W4245731639","https://openalex.org/W4295262505","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6693397755","https://openalex.org/W6767373860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W4386216112","https://openalex.org/W1636374761","https://openalex.org/W2554791727","https://openalex.org/W3217471553","https://openalex.org/W2118837517","https://openalex.org/W2576538540","https://openalex.org/W3018959431","https://openalex.org/W3014066663","https://openalex.org/W4232634182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resistive":[0],"Crossbar":[1],"Arrays":[2],"present":[3],"an":[4],"elegant":[5],"implementation":[6],"solution":[7],"for":[8,35,45,91,172],"Deep":[9],"Neural":[10],"Networks":[11],"acceleration.":[12],"The":[13],"Matrix-Vector":[14],"Multiplication,":[15],"which":[16],"is":[17,22,117],"the":[18,50,56,82,89,97,122,129,146,149,154,159,169,203,207,210],"corner-stone":[19],"of":[20,38,148,206],"DNNs,":[21,87],"carried":[23],"out":[24],"in":[25,61,85,168],"O(1)":[26],"compared":[27],"to":[28,80,127,139,152],"O(N":[29],"<sup":[30],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[31,41,105,109,113],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[32],")":[33],"steps":[34,44],"digital":[36],"realizations":[37],"O(log":[39],"<sub":[40,104,108,112],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[42,106,114],"(N))":[43],"in-memory":[46],"associative":[47],"processors.":[48],"However,":[49],"IR":[51,155],"drop":[52,156,167],"problem,":[53],"caused":[54],"by":[55],"inevitable":[57],"interconnect":[58],"wire":[59,83],"resistance":[60,84],"RCAs":[62],"remains":[63],"a":[64,72,163],"daunting":[65],"challenge.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"article,":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"fast":[73],"and":[74,77,119,165,179,186,198,209],"efficient":[75],"training":[76,98],"validation":[78,143],"framework":[79,123],"incorporate":[81],"Quantized":[86],"without":[88],"need":[90],"computationally":[92],"extensive":[93],"SPICE":[94,142],"simulations":[95],"during":[96],"process.":[99],"A":[100],"fabricated":[101],"four-bit":[102],"Au/Al":[103],"O":[107],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sub>":[110],"/HfO":[111],"/TiN":[115],"device":[116],"modelled":[118],"used":[120,138],"within":[121],"with":[124,162],"two-mapping":[125],"schemes":[126],"realize":[128],"quantized":[130],"weights.":[131],"Efficient":[132],"system-level":[133],"IR-drop":[134],"estimation":[135],"methods":[136],"are":[137,200,213],"accelerate":[140],"training.":[141],"results":[144],"show":[145],"effectiveness":[147],"proposed":[150],"method":[151],"capture":[153],"problem":[157],"achieving":[158],"baseline":[160],"accuracy":[161],"2%":[164],"4%":[166],"worst-case":[170],"scenario":[171],"MNIST":[173],"dataset":[174,182],"on":[175,183],"multilayer":[176],"perceptron":[177],"network":[178],"CIFAR":[180],"10":[181],"modified":[184],"VGG":[185],"AlexNet":[187],"networks,":[188],"respectively.":[189],"Other":[190],"nonidealities,":[191],"such":[192],"as":[193],"stuck-at":[194],"fault":[195],"defects,":[196],"variability,":[197],"aging,":[199],"studied.":[201],"Finally,":[202],"design":[204],"considerations":[205],"neuronal":[208],"driver":[211],"circuits":[212],"discussed.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}