{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112987998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044500","title":"Design and Development of Series-Hybrid Automotive Powertrains","display_name":"Design and Development of Series-Hybrid Automotive Powertrains","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112987998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044500","mag":"3112987998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3044500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044500","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09292913.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09292913.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041079997","display_name":"Bogdan Anton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Anton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-2527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006853945","display_name":"Adriana Florescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0519-8437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriana Florescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0519-8437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5602,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65981673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"226026","last_page":"226041"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.8453128337860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.7724833488464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drivetrain","display_name":"Drivetrain","score":0.6675683259963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5790736079216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5438197255134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-combustion-engine","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","score":0.5438197255134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5083038210868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.4954935312271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-electric-vehicle","display_name":"Battery electric vehicle","score":0.4896417260169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-motor","display_name":"Electric motor","score":0.47323334217071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-vehicle","display_name":"Hybrid vehicle","score":0.46576571464538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4450902044773102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engine","display_name":"Automotive engine","score":0.4415702521800995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.42946910858154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.3979007303714752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.34075015783309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26700180768966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15231645107269287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.8453128337860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.7724833488464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105637607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Drivetrain","level":3,"score":0.6675683259963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5790736079216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5438197255134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511840579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12757","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","level":2,"score":0.5438197255134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5083038210868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4954935312271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110069716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076882","display_name":"Battery electric vehicle","level":4,"score":0.4896417260169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176871988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72313","display_name":"Electric motor","level":2,"score":0.47323334217071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516807790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193075","display_name":"Hybrid vehicle","level":3,"score":0.46576571464538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4450902044773102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56238396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4056355","display_name":"Automotive engine","level":2,"score":0.4415702521800995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.42946910858154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.3979007303714752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34075015783309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26700180768966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15231645107269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3044500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044500","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09292913.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10870643e13d4f8a9baee2a2acfb64ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10870643e13d4f8a9baee2a2acfb64ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 226026-226041 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3044500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044500","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09292913.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112987998.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112987998.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995677142","https://openalex.org/W1996586528","https://openalex.org/W2107507558","https://openalex.org/W2149699616","https://openalex.org/W2418583901","https://openalex.org/W2547877544","https://openalex.org/W2560207371","https://openalex.org/W2607911102","https://openalex.org/W2762272099","https://openalex.org/W2772067316","https://openalex.org/W2890684601","https://openalex.org/W2898433488","https://openalex.org/W2901672790","https://openalex.org/W2946513618","https://openalex.org/W2950194548","https://openalex.org/W2954034971","https://openalex.org/W3043072492","https://openalex.org/W3047006251","https://openalex.org/W3093488001","https://openalex.org/W3094547597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998540990","https://openalex.org/W2548392251","https://openalex.org/W4308532824","https://openalex.org/W174854199","https://openalex.org/W2101157460","https://openalex.org/W2117262463","https://openalex.org/W3130755679","https://openalex.org/W2063991943","https://openalex.org/W153618972","https://openalex.org/W3196383086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,127],"new":[1],"global":[2],"pandemic":[3],"determines":[4],"people":[5],"to":[6,140,152,174,237],"change":[7],"their":[8],"ordinary":[9],"habits,":[10],"so":[11],"personal":[12],"transportation":[13],"will":[14],"play":[15],"a":[16,21,50,76,88,106,154,211,238],"very":[17,77,212],"important":[18],"role":[19],"for":[20,37,83],"long":[22],"period":[23],"of":[24,87,129,143,160,167,180],"time":[25],"from":[26,62],"now":[27],"on.":[28],"However,":[29],"even":[30],"though":[31],"conventional":[32,239],"vehicles":[33],"offer":[34],"enough":[35],"range":[36],"replacing":[38],"some":[39],"trips":[40],"that":[41,215],"normally":[42],"would":[43],"be":[44],"covered":[45],"by":[46,220],"planes,":[47],"they":[48],"have":[49,136],"harmful":[51],"impact":[52],"on":[53,93,105,118,234],"the":[54,85,96,130,141,144,156,161,164,168,176,178,181,188,199,217,221,227],"environment.":[55],"By":[56],"comparison,":[57],"Electric":[58],"Vehicles":[59],"(EVs)":[60],"suffer":[61],"this":[63,73],"shortcoming":[64],"(insufficient":[65],"range),":[66],"being":[67],"more":[68],"expensive,":[69],"as":[70,114,116],"well.":[71],"Therefore,":[72],"article":[74],"presents":[75],"simple,":[78],"unique":[79],"and":[80,121,203,223],"inexpensive":[81],"methodology":[82],"designing":[84],"powertrain":[86],"plug-in":[89],"series-hybrid":[90,132],"vehicle,":[91],"based":[92,117],"measurements":[94],"(regarding":[95],"engine":[97,222],"torque":[98],"requirements,":[99],"but":[100],"not":[101],"limited":[102],"to)":[103],"performed":[104],"compact":[107],"passenger":[108],"car,":[109],"during":[110],"real":[111],"driving":[112,133],"conditions,":[113],"well":[115],"mathematical":[119],"calculations":[120],"computer-aided":[122],"simulations":[123],"(using":[124],"MATLAB":[125],"Simulink).":[126],"parameters":[128],"proposed":[131],"system":[134],"which":[135,149,171,224],"been":[137,209],"determined":[138],"refer":[139],"specifications":[142],"Internal":[145],"Combustion":[146],"Engine":[147],"(ICE)":[148],"is":[150,172],"used":[151,173],"drive":[153,175],"generator,":[155,163],"rated":[157],"output":[158],"power":[159,218],"electric":[162,169,189],"required":[165],"capabilities":[166],"motor":[170],"wheels,":[177],"capacity":[179],"high":[182],"voltage":[183],"battery":[184],"pack":[185],"(which":[186],"supplies":[187],"motor),":[190],"together":[191],"with":[192,231],"its":[193],"other":[194],"attributes,":[195],"taking":[196],"into":[197],"consideration":[198],"vehicle's":[200],"overall":[201],"performance":[202],"characteristics.":[204],"Besides":[205],"this,":[206],"it":[207],"has":[208],"developed":[210],"simple":[213],"algorithm":[214],"manages":[216],"generated":[219],"can":[225],"reduce":[226],"fossil":[228],"fuel":[229],"consumption":[230],"almost":[232],"38%,":[233],"average,":[235],"compared":[236],"drivetrain.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
