{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112429188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3043971","title":"Robust Co-Design for Energy Saving of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus With Existing Components","display_name":"Robust Co-Design for Energy Saving of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus With Existing Components","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112429188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3043971","mag":"3112429188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3043971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3043971","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09290040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09290040.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101449063","display_name":"Ning Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-2887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-2887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101401267","display_name":"Yan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5718-8225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5718-8225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-5189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-5189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454956","display_name":"Yujie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-6964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-6964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018271320","display_name":"Erlei Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-8620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erlei Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-8620","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054829953","display_name":"Xinghua Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-4760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghua Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-4760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101449063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6112,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70657534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"222013","last_page":"222024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.6579246520996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5805703401565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4739893972873688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-and-play","display_name":"Plug and play","score":0.4720284044742584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42859888076782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4244392514228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13934066891670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13726159930229187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.6579246520996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5805703401565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4739893972873688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780070844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857815","display_name":"Plug and play","level":2,"score":0.4720284044742584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42859888076782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4244392514228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13934066891670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13726159930229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3043971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3043971","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09290040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aaad66df94a6466ca5d175d47e1edf77","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aaad66df94a6466ca5d175d47e1edf77","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 222013-222024 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3043971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3043971","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09290040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5264100424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J16LB65","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329039","funder_display_name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329039","display_name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112429188.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112429188.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W787187509","https://openalex.org/W2027508961","https://openalex.org/W2029212381","https://openalex.org/W2044002694","https://openalex.org/W2068638199","https://openalex.org/W2084004388","https://openalex.org/W2088754028","https://openalex.org/W2094596164","https://openalex.org/W2236532429","https://openalex.org/W2264227543","https://openalex.org/W2266393086","https://openalex.org/W2290359964","https://openalex.org/W2298933805","https://openalex.org/W2330761921","https://openalex.org/W2338377012","https://openalex.org/W2397333534","https://openalex.org/W2407319315","https://openalex.org/W2466636338","https://openalex.org/W2506142842","https://openalex.org/W2559963787","https://openalex.org/W2695230280","https://openalex.org/W2733544199","https://openalex.org/W2755765346","https://openalex.org/W2765498735","https://openalex.org/W2767509054","https://openalex.org/W2774156038","https://openalex.org/W2789040420","https://openalex.org/W2801022396","https://openalex.org/W2885610882","https://openalex.org/W2901725894","https://openalex.org/W2904712810","https://openalex.org/W2927911927","https://openalex.org/W2935913115","https://openalex.org/W2936613749","https://openalex.org/W2947693385","https://openalex.org/W2953629909","https://openalex.org/W2960679343","https://openalex.org/W2971328465","https://openalex.org/W4240602259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3025520020","https://openalex.org/W2095769150","https://openalex.org/W2279095528","https://openalex.org/W2352394813","https://openalex.org/W2360042170","https://openalex.org/W2368465758","https://openalex.org/W2108894446","https://openalex.org/W4223592178","https://openalex.org/W2799108862","https://openalex.org/W2348276452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,180],"energy":[1,22,168],"saving":[2],"of":[3,17,59,69,129,135],"Plug-in":[4],"hybrid":[5],"electric":[6],"bus":[7],"(PHEB)":[8],"can":[9,110,201],"be":[10,111],"maximized":[11],"by":[12,45,211],"co-design":[13,40,58,187],"method":[14,52,188],"(integrated":[15],"design":[16,50],"topology,":[18],"component":[19,174],"sizing":[20],"and":[21,72,81,139,176,191,205],"management).":[23],"In":[24,114],"many":[25],"cases,":[26],"the":[27,39,56,60,67,79,82,92,99,103,116,124,130,140,149,172,177,185,193,198,208],"components":[28,150],"have":[29],"been":[30],"manufactured,":[31],"so":[32],"it":[33],"is":[34,53,65,84,96,120,163,189],"a":[35,47,87,133,157,215],"shortcut":[36],"to":[37,165,214],"realize":[38,166,202],"with":[41,107],"existing":[42],"components.":[43],"Motivated":[44],"this,":[46],"Taguchi":[48],"robust":[49,57,173],"(TRD)":[51],"proposed":[54,186],"for":[55],"PHEB.":[61],"main":[63],"innovation":[64],"that":[66,184,197],"noises":[68],"driving":[70,137],"cycles":[71,138],"stochastic":[73,141],"vehicle":[74,142],"mass":[75,143],"are":[76,144,151],"considered":[77],"in":[78],"TRD,":[80],"TRD":[83,181],"formulated":[85],"as":[86,98,123,146,153],"smaller-the-better":[88],"(STB)":[89],"problem.":[90],"Moreover,":[91],"signal-to-noise":[93],"ratio":[94],"(SNR)":[95],"taken":[97],"analysis":[100],"index,":[101],"where":[102],"fuel":[104,125,209],"economy":[105,210],"together":[106],"its":[108],"robustness":[109],"simultaneously":[112],"enhanced.":[113],"specific,":[115],"dynamic":[117],"programming":[118],"(DP)":[119],"firstly":[121],"taking":[122],"consumption":[126],"calculation":[127],"module":[128],"TRD.":[131],"Then,":[132],"series":[134],"historical":[136],"designed":[145,152],"noise":[147],"factors;":[148],"control":[154,160,170,217],"factors.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"receding":[158],"horizon":[159],"(RHC)":[161],"strategy":[162,200],"deployed":[164],"adaptive":[167,203],"management":[169],"using":[171],"match":[175],"same":[178],"DP.":[179],"results":[182,195],"demonstrate":[183],"applicable":[190],"reasonable;":[192],"simulation":[194],"show":[196],"RHC":[199],"control,":[204],"averagely":[206],"improve":[207],"10.85%":[212],"compared":[213],"rule-based":[216],"strategy.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}