{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112127570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042892","title":"Modeling and Analysis of High-Frequency MMC Impedance Considering Different Control Modes and Voltage Feedforward","display_name":"Modeling and Analysis of High-Frequency MMC Impedance Considering Different Control Modes and Voltage Feedforward","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112127570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042892","mag":"3112127570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042892","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09284456.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09284456.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075769417","display_name":"Taiyuan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-364X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taiyuan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-364X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115695512","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-8888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-8888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367707","display_name":"Xiaolei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9431-0058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132586189","display_name":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0360zcg91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132586189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453360","display_name":"Bo Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-750X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085960907","display_name":"Delin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-978X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006871037","display_name":"Jie Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-120X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983448","display_name":"Pengkun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-1842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengkun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100622981","display_name":"Yonghui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-7813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075769417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81357057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"218575","last_page":"218584"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.8624626994132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7533906698226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.6381297707557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-impedance","display_name":"Output impedance","score":0.6246491074562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5071372985839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4886660873889923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.47832727432250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-source","display_name":"Voltage source","score":0.43797820806503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41418805718421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28164809942245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2715824842453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.198740154504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.1156294047832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.099061518907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.06066805124282837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.8624626994132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7533906698226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.6381297707557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58112919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631203","display_name":"Output impedance","level":3,"score":0.6246491074562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5071372985839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4886660873889923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.47832727432250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144655898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161128","display_name":"Voltage source","level":3,"score":0.43797820806503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41418805718421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28164809942245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2715824842453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.198740154504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.1156294047832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.099061518907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.06066805124282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042892","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09284456.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e535622e84b4b0698c12a80715a49a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e535622e84b4b0698c12a80715a49a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 218575-218584 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042892","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09284456.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7392559167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5100-202056393A-0-0-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","funder_display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112127570.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112127570.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992456171","https://openalex.org/W2037239418","https://openalex.org/W2119954513","https://openalex.org/W2139361710","https://openalex.org/W2305340074","https://openalex.org/W2568867773","https://openalex.org/W2604634103","https://openalex.org/W2610856718","https://openalex.org/W2761829770","https://openalex.org/W2767125617","https://openalex.org/W2789155417","https://openalex.org/W2806559440","https://openalex.org/W2891786578","https://openalex.org/W2899124693","https://openalex.org/W2950596168","https://openalex.org/W2997147307","https://openalex.org/W3009013708","https://openalex.org/W3012110267","https://openalex.org/W3021727993","https://openalex.org/W3047420179","https://openalex.org/W3098666019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168482652","https://openalex.org/W4297786912","https://openalex.org/W3216535121","https://openalex.org/W2356432821","https://openalex.org/W2572422521","https://openalex.org/W3175960610","https://openalex.org/W2026961927","https://openalex.org/W2089872128","https://openalex.org/W4255518127","https://openalex.org/W2510128982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"sequence":[1,79,190],"impedance":[2,29,42,65,80,137,191],"of":[3,15,33,44,67,141,170,176,186],"modular":[4],"multilevel":[5],"converters":[6],"(MMC)":[7],"is":[8,119],"the":[9,13,40,45,55,63,68,124,139,142,148,152,161,168,171,174,189],"premise":[10],"to":[11],"analyze":[12],"stability":[14,169],"MMC-based":[16],"high":[17],"voltage":[18,38,56,110,114,125,153],"direct":[19],"current":[20,89,92,182],"(HVDC)":[21],"system.":[22,172],"However,":[23],"few":[24],"papers":[25],"have":[26,47],"modeled":[27],"MMC":[28,46,82,143],"with":[30],"comprehensive":[31],"consideration":[32],"different":[34,103],"control":[35,85,93,104,111,115,183],"modes":[36,105],"and":[37,95,112,127,147,155,184],"feedforward,":[39],"high-frequency":[41,64,162],"characteristics":[43,66,140],"not":[48,72],"been":[49],"intensively":[50],"studied,":[51],"either.":[52],"In":[53],"fact,":[54],"feedforward":[57,126,154],"has":[58],"an":[59],"important":[60],"influence":[61],"on":[62,135,188],"MMC,":[69],"which":[70,164],"can":[71],"be":[73],"ignored.":[74],"This":[75],"article":[76],"proposes":[77],"a":[78],"for":[81],"considering":[83],"complete":[84],"loops.":[86],"Not":[87],"only":[88],"inner-loop,":[90],"circulating":[91,181],"loop":[94,97],"phase-locked":[96],"(PLL)":[98],"are":[99,116,130,144,192],"considered,":[100],"but":[101],"also":[102,193],"including":[106],"power":[107],"control,":[108,180],"DC":[109],"AC":[113],"considered.":[117],"It":[118],"worth":[120],"mentioning":[121],"that":[122,151],"especially":[123],"time":[128,156],"delay":[129,157],"taken":[131],"into":[132],"account.":[133],"Based":[134],"this":[136],"model,":[138],"thoroughly":[145],"analyzed,":[146],"analysis":[149],"shows":[150],"will":[158,165],"greatly":[159],"affect":[160,167],"characteristics,":[163],"deeply":[166],"Meanwhile,":[173],"influences":[175],"PLL":[177],"dynamics,":[178],"outer-loop":[179],"parameters":[185],"controller":[187],"analyzed":[194],"in":[195],"detail.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}