{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107740367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042278","title":"ResNet-LSTM for Real-Time PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM\u2081\u2080 Estimation Using Sequential Smartphone Images","display_name":"ResNet-LSTM for Real-Time PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM\u2081\u2080 Estimation Using Sequential Smartphone Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107740367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042278","mag":"3107740367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042278","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09279204.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09279204.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060368043","display_name":"Shiguang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-0560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiguang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-0560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048232137","display_name":"Jacqueline C. K. Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-3574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline C. K. Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-3574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082137392","display_name":"Yang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-4655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-4655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056877599","display_name":"Victor O. K. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1380-9445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["GB","HK","SS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor O. K. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1380-9445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.3393,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87566832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"220069","last_page":"220082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.536595344543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5243140459060669}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.536595344543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5243140459060669}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042278","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09279204.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:459e672ee24c42c0be4f202514c8f99e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/459e672ee24c42c0be4f202514c8f99e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 220069-220082 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042278","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09279204.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107740367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107740367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539469220","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1803059841","https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1997368074","https://openalex.org/W2003366520","https://openalex.org/W2003709967","https://openalex.org/W2013569887","https://openalex.org/W2046609367","https://openalex.org/W2056207324","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2128254161","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2140282454","https://openalex.org/W2168894214","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2255698143","https://openalex.org/W2289128632","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2414650816","https://openalex.org/W2499380284","https://openalex.org/W2500943906","https://openalex.org/W2523989733","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2791707925","https://openalex.org/W2791942352","https://openalex.org/W2795135049","https://openalex.org/W2807695771","https://openalex.org/W2812669263","https://openalex.org/W2903097915","https://openalex.org/W2905534607","https://openalex.org/W2907184742","https://openalex.org/W2944681516","https://openalex.org/W2948241088","https://openalex.org/W2979303989","https://openalex.org/W2984487745","https://openalex.org/W3003725186","https://openalex.org/W3004807797","https://openalex.org/W3015407791","https://openalex.org/W4233619925","https://openalex.org/W4301185694","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6684665197","https://openalex.org/W6696332616","https://openalex.org/W6763412007","https://openalex.org/W6773089293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attempts":[0],"have":[1,208],"been":[2],"made":[3],"to":[4,213,327],"estimate":[5],"PM":[6,11,78,83,134,139,174,179,229,244,276,292],"<sub":[7,12,79,84,135,140,175,180,230,245,277,293],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[8,13,80,85,136,141,176,181,231,246,278,294],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2.5</sub>":[9,81,137,177,232],"and":[10,82,138,161,170,178,197,203,221,226,234,236,241,256,268,273,282,284,289,330],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">10</sub>":[14,86,142,182,247,295],"values":[15,87,143,185],"from":[16,36,73,312],"smartphone":[17],"images,":[18,51],"given":[19],"that":[20,132],"deploying":[21],"highly":[22,32],"accurate":[23],"air":[24,107,118,303,334],"pollution":[25,304,335],"monitors":[26],"throughout":[27],"a":[28,31,89,93,152],"city":[29,324],"is":[30,98],"expensive":[33],"undertaking.":[34],"Departing":[35],"previous":[37],"machine":[38],"learning":[39,55],"studies":[40],"which":[41],"primarily":[42],"focus":[43],"on":[44,48],"pollutant":[45],"estimation":[46,305,336],"based":[47],"single":[49],"day-time":[50,160],"our":[52,146,300],"proposed":[53,193],"deep":[54],"model":[56],"integrates":[57],"Residual":[58],"Network":[59],"(ResNet)":[60],"with":[61,172,266],"Long":[62],"Short-Term":[63],"Memory":[64],"(LSTM),":[65],"extracting":[66],"spatial-temporal":[67],"features":[68,255],"of":[69,88,154,164,322],"sequential":[70,309],"images":[71,163,310],"taken":[72,169],"smartphones":[74],"instead":[75],"for":[76,228,243,275,291,337],"estimating":[77],"particular":[90,94],"location":[91],"at":[92,123],"time.":[95],"Our":[96],"methodology":[97],"as":[99,211],"follows:":[100],"First,":[101],"we":[102,129],"calibrated":[103,147,189],"two":[104],"small":[105],"portable":[106],"quality":[108,119],"sensors":[109,148],"using":[110],"the":[111,116,165,188,192,214,263,323,338],"reference":[112],"instruments":[113],"placed":[114],"in":[115,224,239,271,287,325],"official":[117],"monitoring":[120],"station,":[121],"located":[122],"Central,":[124],"Hong":[125],"Kong":[126],"(HK).":[127],"Second,":[128],"verified":[130],"experimentally":[131],"any":[133],"obtained":[144,186,311],"via":[145,187],"remain":[149],"constant":[150],"within":[151],"radius":[153],"500":[155],"meters.":[156],"Third,":[157],"3024":[158],"outdoor":[159],"night-time":[162],"same":[166],"building":[167],"were":[168],"labelled":[171],"corresponding":[173],"ground":[183],"truth":[184],"sensors.":[190],"Fourth,":[191],"ResNet-LSTM":[194,217],"was":[195],"constructed":[196],"extended":[198],"by":[199],"incorporating":[200,252],"meteorological":[201,254],"information":[202],"one":[204,257],"short":[205,258],"path.":[206],"Results":[207],"shown":[209],"that,":[210],"compared":[212],"best":[215,264],"baselines,":[216],"has":[218,261],"achieved":[219,262],"6.56%":[220],"6.74%":[222],"reduction":[223,238,270,286],"MAE":[225,240,272,288],"SMAPE":[227,242,274,290],"estimation,":[233,248,281,296],"13.25%":[235],"11.03%":[237],"respectively.":[249,297],"Further,":[250],"after":[251],"domain-specific":[253],"path,":[259],"Met-ResNet-LSTM-SP":[260],"performance,":[265],"24.25%":[267],"20.17%":[269],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2.</sub>":[279],"5":[280],"28.06%":[283],"24.57%":[285],"In":[298],"future,":[299],"deep-learning":[301],"image-based":[302,333],"study":[306],"will":[307],"incorporate":[308],"24-hr":[313],"operating":[314],"traffic":[315],"surveillance":[316],"cameras":[317],"distributed":[318],"across":[319],"all":[320],"parts":[321],"HK,":[326],"provide":[328],"full-day":[329],"more":[331],"fine-grained":[332],"city.":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}
