{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3115967667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042254","title":"Parallel Fully Convolutional Network for Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"Parallel Fully Convolutional Network for Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3115967667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042254","mag":"3115967667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042254","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09310681.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09310681.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065835586","display_name":"Jian Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-6725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-6725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050340832","display_name":"Xiaocong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-292X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaocong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-292X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101924633","display_name":"Luo Mai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-7558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mai Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-7558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058293044","display_name":"Minghui Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-3167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-3167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qiguang Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-8310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiguang Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-8310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018918849","display_name":"Xiangzeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2751-6096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangzeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2751-6096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88909062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"673","last_page":"682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.832456648349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.7742379903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7175649404525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6126041412353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.570777177810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5117442607879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4823302924633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4652489125728607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.45791852474212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.45167747139930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33999305963516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16898387670516968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.832456648349762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7742379903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7175649404525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6126041412353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.570777177810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5117442607879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4823302924633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4652489125728607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.45791852474212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.45167747139930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33999305963516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16898387670516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042254","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09310681.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:120cd4fd47904e78a4d47b58eecdb239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/120cd4fd47904e78a4d47b58eecdb239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 673-682 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042254","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09310681.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4848511821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020JM-195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3115967667.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3115967667.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W360623563","https://openalex.org/W825165083","https://openalex.org/W1495267108","https://openalex.org/W1539790486","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1817277359","https://openalex.org/W1842610785","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1905829557","https://openalex.org/W1910619957","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W1930528368","https://openalex.org/W1948751323","https://openalex.org/W2124592697","https://openalex.org/W2141200610","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2508741746","https://openalex.org/W2516063657","https://openalex.org/W2558302927","https://openalex.org/W2558630670","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2560622558","https://openalex.org/W2561585794","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2593915460","https://openalex.org/W2607333215","https://openalex.org/W2766692216","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2799217622","https://openalex.org/W2935161635","https://openalex.org/W2945528352","https://openalex.org/W2962803021","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963108253","https://openalex.org/W2963136578","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963253279","https://openalex.org/W2963357722","https://openalex.org/W2963563573","https://openalex.org/W2963727650","https://openalex.org/W2963728677","https://openalex.org/W2963753570","https://openalex.org/W2963823251","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W4241071816","https://openalex.org/W6623012879","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638480814","https://openalex.org/W6638650905","https://openalex.org/W6639799379","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6696310042","https://openalex.org/W6725519663","https://openalex.org/W6729994987","https://openalex.org/W6734375575","https://openalex.org/W6748481559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2103507220","https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W4313052709","https://openalex.org/W4205800335","https://openalex.org/W2055202857","https://openalex.org/W2022929107","https://openalex.org/W80586315","https://openalex.org/W2758994127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"convolutional":[1,79],"networks":[2],"(FCNs)":[3],"have":[4,31],"been":[5,32],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"for":[8],"dense":[9],"classification":[10],"tasks":[11,52],"such":[12,56],"as":[13,57],"semantic":[14,28,50,95,122],"segmentation.":[15],"As":[16],"a":[17,76,105],"large":[18],"number":[19],"of":[20,68],"works":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23,108],"FCNs":[24,43],"are":[25],"proposed,":[26],"various":[27],"segmentation":[29,51,96,123],"models":[30],"improved":[33],"significantly.":[34],"However,":[35],"duplicated":[36],"upsampling":[37],"and":[38,53,63,65,103,114],"deconvolution":[39],"operations":[40],"in":[41,49],"the":[42,59,66,109,117],"will":[44],"lead":[45],"to":[46,54,89],"information":[47],"loss":[48],"problems":[55],"ignoring":[58],"relationship":[60],"between":[61],"pixels":[62,64],"lack":[67],"spatial":[69],"consistency.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"study,":[73],"we":[74],"propose":[75],"parallel":[77],"fully":[78],"neural":[80],"network":[81,88],"that":[82],"integrates":[83],"holistically-nested":[84],"edge":[85,92],"detection":[86],"(HED)":[87],"capture":[90],"image":[91],"information,":[93],"improving":[94],"performance.":[97],"We":[98],"carry":[99],"out":[100],"comprehensive":[101],"experiments":[102],"achieve":[104],"better":[106],"result":[107],"PASCAL":[110],"VOC":[111],"2012,":[112],"PASCAL-Context":[113],"Cityscapes,":[115],"comparing":[116],"results":[118],"with":[119],"some":[120],"existing":[121],"methods.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}