{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109956447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3041232","title":"3D-Printed Low-Profile Single-Substrate Multi-Metal Layer Antennas and Array With Bandwidth Enhancement","display_name":"3D-Printed Low-Profile Single-Substrate Multi-Metal Layer Antennas and Array With Bandwidth Enhancement","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109956447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3041232","mag":"3109956447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3041232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3041232","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09273050.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09273050.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101737332","display_name":"Mengze Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-3252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengze Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-3252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397427","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7439-2156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7439-2156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085512740","display_name":"Francesca Iacopi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-0990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1337719021","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Iacopi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-0990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466","https://openalex.org/I1337719021"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006092498","display_name":"J. Nulman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-9230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104146711","display_name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05atez085","country_code":"IL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104146711"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaim Nulman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano Dimension, Ness Ziona, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-9230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Dimension, Ness Ziona, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104146711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079248914","display_name":"Shlomit Chappel-Ram","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104146711","display_name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05atez085","country_code":"IL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104146711"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shlomit Chappel-Ram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano Dimension, Ness Ziona, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Dimension, Ness Ziona, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104146711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":34.334,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99320503,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"217370","last_page":"217379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7377684116363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5716766715049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patch-antenna","display_name":"Patch antenna","score":0.5581806898117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking","display_name":"Stacking","score":0.48568210005760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.47158825397491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.463293194770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.45002633333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-measurement","display_name":"Antenna measurement","score":0.44496607780456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.4154362976551056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.31558603048324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2962930500507355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20598715543746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1499960720539093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11829057335853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","score":0.059909045696258545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7377684116363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5716766715049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159238334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419428","display_name":"Patch antenna","level":3,"score":0.5581806898117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.48568210005760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47158825397491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.463293194770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.45002633333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.44496607780456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.4154362976551056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.31558603048324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2962930500507355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20598715543746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1499960720539093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11829057335853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.059909045696258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3041232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3041232","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09273050.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c06ee98c49724110927c4c76c879cbcd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c06ee98c49724110927c4c76c879cbcd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 217370-217379 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/145024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/145024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3041232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3041232","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09273050.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337223","display_name":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109956447.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109956447.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1771912175","https://openalex.org/W2002183443","https://openalex.org/W2006201699","https://openalex.org/W2039563160","https://openalex.org/W2051215885","https://openalex.org/W2061837946","https://openalex.org/W2127361863","https://openalex.org/W2215407585","https://openalex.org/W2288654440","https://openalex.org/W2298344135","https://openalex.org/W2343044516","https://openalex.org/W2507408821","https://openalex.org/W2507657335","https://openalex.org/W2571193715","https://openalex.org/W2581504532","https://openalex.org/W2762149733","https://openalex.org/W2789495440","https://openalex.org/W2789844770","https://openalex.org/W2790393088","https://openalex.org/W2883998628","https://openalex.org/W2886170552","https://openalex.org/W2890953386","https://openalex.org/W2898929302","https://openalex.org/W2932154341","https://openalex.org/W2947092841","https://openalex.org/W2954972251","https://openalex.org/W2956022709","https://openalex.org/W2956482056","https://openalex.org/W2964608918","https://openalex.org/W2974454764","https://openalex.org/W2974696532","https://openalex.org/W3004428442","https://openalex.org/W3004479843","https://openalex.org/W3005130578","https://openalex.org/W3005434896","https://openalex.org/W3006669937","https://openalex.org/W3013180285","https://openalex.org/W3017704537","https://openalex.org/W3020732163","https://openalex.org/W3024404057","https://openalex.org/W3046998610","https://openalex.org/W3082625175","https://openalex.org/W3088658044","https://openalex.org/W3089163610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356602650","https://openalex.org/W2036381365","https://openalex.org/W4376608282","https://openalex.org/W2163475120","https://openalex.org/W2069721149","https://openalex.org/W3199475988","https://openalex.org/W2469918402","https://openalex.org/W2557065001","https://openalex.org/W2088974759","https://openalex.org/W1990225225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,26,128,132],"few":[4],"single-substrate":[5],"multi-metal":[6],"layer":[7],"antennas":[8,206],"using":[9],"additively":[10],"manufactured":[11],"electronics":[12],"(AME)":[13],"solution":[14,143],"based":[15],"on":[16],"piezoelectric":[17],"additive":[18],"fabrication.":[19],"By":[20],"vertically":[21,201],"stacking":[22,202],"metal":[23,203],"layers":[24],"in":[25,127],"3D":[27],"printed":[28],"single":[29,129],"substrate,":[30],"the":[31,36,68,75,79,85,90,94,100,107,145,177,180],"designed":[32,208],"antenna":[33,51,58,80,104,153,161,168],"prototype":[34],"exhibits":[35],"advantages":[37],"of":[38,78,89,134,192],"wide":[39],"bandwidth":[40,109,187],"and":[41,53,63,87,116,150,163,172,179,188],"ultra-low":[42,148],"profile.":[43],"For":[44],"proof-of-concept,":[45],"multi-layer":[46],"linear":[47],"polarization":[48,158],"(LP)":[49],"patch":[50,98,103,152,160],"elements":[52,162],"2":[54,56,164,166],"\u00d7":[55,165],"LP":[57,97,102],"arrays":[59,169],"are":[60,154,170,207],"designed,":[61],"fabricated,":[62],"measured.":[64,173],"It":[65],"verifies":[66],"that":[67,184],"feeding":[69],"network":[70],"can":[71,105,124,197],"be":[72,125,198],"integrated":[73],"into":[74],"same":[76],"substrate":[77,130],"array":[81],"element":[82],"without":[83],"increasing":[84],"size":[86],"profile":[88,149],"array.":[91],"Compared":[92],"with":[93,131],"traditional":[95],"single-layer":[96],"antenna,":[99],"proposed":[101],"improve":[106],"impedance":[108,186],"from":[110],"5.9%":[111],"to":[112],"10.6%":[113],"(three":[114],"layers)":[115],"83%":[117],"(seven":[118],"layers),":[119],"respectively.":[120],"All":[121],"these":[122],"designs":[123],"fabricated":[126,171],"thickness":[133],"1.5":[135],"mm":[136],"(0.031":[137],"\u03bbg),":[138],"which":[139,211],"is":[140],"an":[141],"ideal":[142],"for":[144,215],"applications":[146],"where":[147],"wideband":[151],"expected.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"circular":[157],"(CP)":[159],"CP":[167],"Good":[174],"agreements":[175],"between":[176],"simulated":[178],"measured":[181],"results":[182],"verify":[183],"wider":[185],"broader":[189],"frequency":[190],"range":[191],"under":[193],"3-dB":[194],"axial":[195],"ratio":[196],"obtained":[199],"by":[200],"layers.":[204],"The":[205],"at":[209],"sub-6GHz,":[210],"have":[212],"great":[213],"potentials":[214],"5G":[216],"consumer":[217],"mobile":[218],"electronics.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
