{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110115702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040199","title":"An Effective Semi-Supervised Multi-Label Least Squares Twin Support Vector Machine","display_name":"An Effective Semi-Supervised Multi-Label Least Squares Twin Support Vector Machine","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110115702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040199","mag":"3110115702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040199","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268936.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268936.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032765483","display_name":"Qing Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-6805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China","College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-6805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032865101","display_name":"Yude Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-8933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yude Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-8933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043482575","display_name":"Anna Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-767X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-767X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058688934","display_name":"Xiangna Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangna Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing FibrLink Communications Company Ltd., State Grid Information and Telecommunication Group Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-0715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing FibrLink Communications Company Ltd., State Grid Information and Telecommunication Group Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325880","display_name":"Fei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1372-3999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1372-3999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032765483"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164","https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.68,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7762524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"213460","last_page":"213472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9656000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.731859564781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6976690292358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6830543279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6088929772377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.5727001428604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5492931008338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-support-vector-machine","display_name":"Least squares support vector machine","score":0.5441213846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49127262830734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-support-vector-machine","display_name":"Structured support vector machine","score":0.451975554227829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin-classifier","display_name":"Margin classifier","score":0.4409579634666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-classifier","display_name":"Quadratic classifier","score":0.411730021238327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23435324430465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.14753597974777222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.731859564781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976690292358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6830543279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6088929772377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.5727001428604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5492931008338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145828037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086219","display_name":"Least squares support vector machine","level":3,"score":0.5441213846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49127262830734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125168437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625184","display_name":"Structured support vector machine","level":3,"score":0.451975554227829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173102733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760396","display_name":"Margin classifier","level":3,"score":0.4409579634666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52620605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268357","display_name":"Quadratic classifier","level":3,"score":0.411730021238327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23435324430465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.14753597974777222}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040199","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268936.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1cc0e3b5d18140f880fea54acfa77f96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1cc0e3b5d18140f880fea54acfa77f96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 213460-213472 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040199","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268936.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1638317728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018RC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322872","funder_display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3615895200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20180551048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5384471154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-MS-281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7960381732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20170520248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322872","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1753402186","https://openalex.org/W1953606363","https://openalex.org/W1991043035","https://openalex.org/W1998839399","https://openalex.org/W1999954155","https://openalex.org/W2019184604","https://openalex.org/W2040895929","https://openalex.org/W2052684427","https://openalex.org/W2118712128","https://openalex.org/W2119466907","https://openalex.org/W2137484796","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2166912588","https://openalex.org/W2170860445","https://openalex.org/W2184222852","https://openalex.org/W2749055935","https://openalex.org/W2766466239","https://openalex.org/W2784237799","https://openalex.org/W2790369384","https://openalex.org/W2794084401","https://openalex.org/W2802815572","https://openalex.org/W2845043204","https://openalex.org/W2894139356","https://openalex.org/W2896288425","https://openalex.org/W2910487174","https://openalex.org/W2911914007","https://openalex.org/W2936742444","https://openalex.org/W2940770643","https://openalex.org/W2948951178","https://openalex.org/W2962899421","https://openalex.org/W2963042850","https://openalex.org/W2995837271","https://openalex.org/W3001900939","https://openalex.org/W3009157386","https://openalex.org/W3020462739","https://openalex.org/W3026898261","https://openalex.org/W3047949561","https://openalex.org/W4232706428","https://openalex.org/W6677758222"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122277321","https://openalex.org/W3142456129","https://openalex.org/W2391740273","https://openalex.org/W1988416745","https://openalex.org/W2130972437","https://openalex.org/W2023602538","https://openalex.org/W2077867740","https://openalex.org/W2769345709","https://openalex.org/W2386146247","https://openalex.org/W2378824341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-label":[0],"twin":[1,13,125],"support":[2,14,126],"vector":[3,15,127],"machine":[4,16],"(MLTSVM),":[5],"being":[6],"an":[7],"effective":[8],"multi-label":[9,58,122,201],"classifier":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12,191],"(TSVM),":[17],"has":[18,206],"been":[19],"widely":[20],"studied":[21],"and":[22,88,95,106,110,176],"applied":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,41,65,132,153],"its":[26,52],"excellent":[27],"classification":[28,202,208],"performance.":[29,209],"However,":[30,98],"there":[31],"are":[32],"some":[33],"disadvantages":[34],"in":[35,174],"classical":[36],"MLTSVM:":[37],"(a)":[38],"MLTSVM":[39,99],"needs":[40],"solve":[42,154],"a":[43,82,89,119,155],"series":[44],"of":[45,69,85,92,145,157,161,170],"quadratic":[46],"programming":[47],"problems":[48],"(QPPs),":[49],"which":[50,147],"makes":[51,148],"learning":[53,59],"speed":[54,133],"lower.":[55],"(b)":[56],"For":[57,114],"problems,":[60],"it":[61],"is":[62],"very":[63],"difficult":[64],"obtain":[66,79],"all":[67,70],"labels":[68],"samples.":[71,97,113],"In":[72],"fact,":[73],"the":[74,115,138,171,192,199],"datasets":[75,194],"that":[76],"we":[77,117],"can":[78,100,166],"only":[80,101,151],"contain":[81],"small":[83],"amount":[84,91],"labeled":[86,94,104,112,178],"samples":[87,105,179],"large":[90],"partially":[93,111,177],"unlabeled":[96,109,175],"use":[102,169],"expensive":[103],"ignore":[107],"cheap":[108],"drawbacks,":[116],"propose":[118],"novel":[120],"semi-supervised":[121],"least":[123,139],"squares":[124,140],"machine,":[128],"called":[129],"SS-MLLSTSVM.":[130],"Firstly,":[131],"up":[134],"solving,":[135],"SS-MLLSTSVM":[136,165,205],"introduces":[137],"idea":[141],"into":[142,185],"each":[143,149,186],"sub-classifier":[144,150],"MLTSVM,":[146],"need":[152],"system":[156],"linear":[158],"equations,":[159],"instead":[160],"one":[162],"QPP.":[163],"Secondly,":[164],"make":[167],"full":[168],"geometric":[172],"information":[173],"by":[180],"introducing":[181],"manifold":[182],"regularization":[183],"term":[184],"sub-classifier.":[187],"The":[188],"experimental":[189],"results":[190],"benchmark":[193],"show":[195],"that,":[196],"compared":[197],"with":[198],"existing":[200],"algorithms,":[203],"our":[204],"better":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}
