{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3108179653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040043","title":"Work-Based Learning Conceptual Framework for Effective Incorporation of Soft Skills Among Students of Vocational and Technical Institutions","display_name":"Work-Based Learning Conceptual Framework for Effective Incorporation of Soft Skills Among Students of Vocational and Technical Institutions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3108179653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040043","mag":"3108179653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040043","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268062.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058240635","display_name":"Gimba Dogara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7546-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY","NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gimba Dogara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technical Education, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya, Kafanchan, Nigeria","Department of Technical and Engineering Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technical Education, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya, Kafanchan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technical and Engineering Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001538275","display_name":"Muhammad Saud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-7238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Sukri Bin Saud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technical and Engineering Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technical and Engineering Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059282671","display_name":"Yusri Kamin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-729X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusri Bin Kamin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technical and Engineering Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technical and Engineering Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058240635"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238","https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.2366,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93392377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"211642","last_page":"211652"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12124","display_name":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-skills","display_name":"Soft skills","score":0.8519077301025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"Vocational education","score":0.776706337928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nexus","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","score":0.6992473602294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratified-sampling","display_name":"Stratified sampling","score":0.5964499115943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4951099455356598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.4933737814426422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.48923230171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.48790213465690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.48654380440711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4536820948123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-based-learning","display_name":"Work-based learning","score":0.43383389711380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.4205307960510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.36732104420661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31919869780540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24184665083885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.1799696683883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11399918794631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1020117700099945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43075056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15910354","display_name":"Soft skills","level":2,"score":0.8519077301025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.776706337928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.6992473602294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49898467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517706","display_name":"Stratified sampling","level":2,"score":0.5964499115943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4951099455356598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4933737814426422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.48923230171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48790213465690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48654380440711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4536820948123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780117764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20970853","display_name":"Work-based learning","level":3,"score":0.43383389711380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4205307960510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.36732104420661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31919869780540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24184665083885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.1799696683883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11399918794631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1020117700099945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040043","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:703ec2b658bf4af0bad2beaf1bac15d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/703ec2b658bf4af0bad2beaf1bac15d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 211642-211652 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040043","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7987212916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20H77","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3108179653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3108179653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22335296","https://openalex.org/W84359927","https://openalex.org/W586506251","https://openalex.org/W1490478993","https://openalex.org/W1497753894","https://openalex.org/W1507335127","https://openalex.org/W1540695708","https://openalex.org/W1545460766","https://openalex.org/W1549387082","https://openalex.org/W1593210567","https://openalex.org/W1736209534","https://openalex.org/W1955166332","https://openalex.org/W1967987156","https://openalex.org/W1991022057","https://openalex.org/W2000108311","https://openalex.org/W2000380427","https://openalex.org/W2001883201","https://openalex.org/W2005421975","https://openalex.org/W2013613167","https://openalex.org/W2014243544","https://openalex.org/W2036188736","https://openalex.org/W2036736987","https://openalex.org/W2037703056","https://openalex.org/W2047990217","https://openalex.org/W2052963923","https://openalex.org/W2068918002","https://openalex.org/W2071035441","https://openalex.org/W2093039682","https://openalex.org/W2105405664","https://openalex.org/W2108041737","https://openalex.org/W2108675883","https://openalex.org/W2132542620","https://openalex.org/W2132576985","https://openalex.org/W2143291310","https://openalex.org/W2145868896","https://openalex.org/W2146868725","https://openalex.org/W2147048241","https://openalex.org/W2147530551","https://openalex.org/W2157610519","https://openalex.org/W2160445719","https://openalex.org/W2168513980","https://openalex.org/W2169380911","https://openalex.org/W2170644967","https://openalex.org/W2281953668","https://openalex.org/W2291537941","https://openalex.org/W2304978228","https://openalex.org/W2313268214","https://openalex.org/W2496940717","https://openalex.org/W2536900719","https://openalex.org/W2543270286","https://openalex.org/W2569526141","https://openalex.org/W2608574178","https://openalex.org/W2637202471","https://openalex.org/W2737860493","https://openalex.org/W2742468504","https://openalex.org/W2750693154","https://openalex.org/W2800918005","https://openalex.org/W2884598980","https://openalex.org/W2973495611","https://openalex.org/W3021037409","https://openalex.org/W3025008638","https://openalex.org/W3033610038","https://openalex.org/W3125842030","https://openalex.org/W3172043749","https://openalex.org/W4229942792","https://openalex.org/W4235987449","https://openalex.org/W4236912093","https://openalex.org/W6635375338","https://openalex.org/W6640874852","https://openalex.org/W6662480167","https://openalex.org/W6675706558","https://openalex.org/W6683229327","https://openalex.org/W6683662035","https://openalex.org/W6684980772","https://openalex.org/W6695931843","https://openalex.org/W6696619894","https://openalex.org/W6732226097","https://openalex.org/W6739809565","https://openalex.org/W6741396664","https://openalex.org/W6743671332","https://openalex.org/W6750866113","https://openalex.org/W6796808053","https://openalex.org/W6908606996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126909309","https://openalex.org/W4256360871","https://openalex.org/W2747100754","https://openalex.org/W4381336013","https://openalex.org/W2965101536","https://openalex.org/W2891178753","https://openalex.org/W4226375995","https://openalex.org/W4384339197","https://openalex.org/W3121214617","https://openalex.org/W3108179653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99,122],"importance":[1],"of":[2,63,72,96,115,117,149,177,182],"soft":[3,25,39,54,140,183,203],"skills":[4,55,184,204],"has":[5],"been":[6],"recognized":[7],"in":[8,38,58,169,195],"most":[9],"fields,":[10],"hence,":[11],"various":[12],"companies":[13],"make":[14],"judgments":[15],"on":[16,23,92,139,152],"work":[17],"and":[18,129,132,160,167],"success":[19],"evaluation":[20,133],"based":[21,91,151],"largely":[22],"employees'":[24],"skills.":[26,40],"Work-Based":[27],"Learning":[28],"(WBL),":[29],"as":[30],"an":[31],"educational":[32],"approach,":[33],"can":[34],"harness":[35],"students'":[36,202],"potential":[37],"This":[41],"investigation":[42],"aimed":[43],"to":[44,51,106,164,173,199],"generate":[45],"a":[46,70,86,136],"conceptual":[47],"framework":[48],"for":[49,179],"WBL":[50,126,170],"effectively":[52],"integrate":[53],"among":[56,143],"students":[57,178],"technical":[59,65,74,79,144,186,206],"colleges.":[60,187,207],"A":[61],"sample":[62],"268":[64],"teachers":[66,75,189],"was":[67],"drawn":[68],"from":[69,76],"population":[71],"302":[73],"22":[77],"public":[78],"colleges":[80],"within":[81],"the":[82,93,97,108,111,153,156,175,192],"study":[83,100,123,154],"area":[84],"using":[85,113],"stratified":[87],"random":[88],"sampling":[89],"methodology":[90],"complex":[94],"heterogeneity":[95],"population.":[98],"adopted":[101],"structural":[102],"equation":[103],"modeling":[104],"(SEM)":[105],"determine":[107],"nexus":[109],"underlying":[110],"model,":[112],"analysis":[114],"moment":[116],"structures":[118],"(AMOS)":[119],"version":[120],"20.":[121],"results":[124],"discovered":[125],"preparation":[127],"(planning":[128],"designing),":[130],"supervision,":[131],"each":[134],"have":[135],"positive":[137],"impact":[138],"skill":[141],"development":[142],"college":[145],"students.":[146],"By":[147],"way":[148],"recommendation":[150],"findings,":[155],"government":[157],"should":[158],"formulate":[159],"implement":[161],"suitable":[162],"policies":[163],"enhance":[165],"planning":[166],"designing":[168],"programmes,":[171],"particularly,":[172],"address":[174],"needs":[176],"adequate":[180],"incorporation":[181],"at":[185,205],"Technical":[188],"could":[190],"employ":[191],"WBL-recognized":[193],"elements":[194],"integrating":[196],"workplace":[197],"experiences":[198],"successfully":[200],"promote":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}