{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106672809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040018","title":"Review of the AC Overhead Wires, the DC Third Rail and the DC Fourth Rail Transit Lines: Issues and Challenges","display_name":"Review of the AC Overhead Wires, the DC Third Rail and the DC Fourth Rail Transit Lines: Issues and Challenges","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106672809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040018","mag":"3106672809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040018","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09266790.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09266790.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047164402","display_name":"Farah Asyikin Abd Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3456-5424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096962","display_name":"Sabah Environmental Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00y8a5g73","country_code":"MY","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096962"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farah Asyikin Abd Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Politeknik Kota Kinabalu (PKK), Sabah, Malaysia","Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3456-5424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Politeknik Kota Kinabalu (PKK), Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096962"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016554219","display_name":"Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-2953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), Advanced Lightning, Power and Energy Research (ALPER), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia","Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-2953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), Advanced Lightning, Power and Energy Research (ALPER), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084018347","display_name":"Miszaina Osman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-0617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miszaina Osman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1328-0617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048708802","display_name":"Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-3368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-3368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047164402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096962","https://openalex.org/I79156528"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.2512,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92786117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"213277","last_page":"213295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.9383000135421753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traction","display_name":"Traction (geology)","score":0.7128361463546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rail-transit","display_name":"Rail transit","score":0.7013963460922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-rail-transit","display_name":"Light rail transit","score":0.6916334629058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transit","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","score":0.6047360897064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5230860710144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-rail","display_name":"Light rail","score":0.46291500329971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traction-substation","display_name":"Traction substation","score":0.4588625431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.45638421177864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-transit","display_name":"Rapid transit","score":0.4346930682659149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis","display_name":"Statistical analysis","score":0.4344329535961151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4202868342399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4092911183834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4030406177043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35354459285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.291531503200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.08720037341117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.05738404393196106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38834483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17000223","display_name":"Traction (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7128361463546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992701429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491904","display_name":"Rail transit","level":2,"score":0.7013963460922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984150052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268865","display_name":"Light rail transit","level":3,"score":0.6916334629058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651136","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","level":3,"score":0.6047360897064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5230860710144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993540917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268865","display_name":"Light rail","level":3,"score":0.46291500329971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145528699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803616","display_name":"Traction substation","level":4,"score":0.4588625431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.45638421177864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994216210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5503","display_name":"Rapid transit","level":3,"score":0.4346930682659149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4344329535961151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4202868342399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4092911183834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4030406177043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35354459285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.291531503200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08720037341117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.05738404393196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040018","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09266790.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cd5d45ff0387411789898e3fe6f7119a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cd5d45ff0387411789898e3fe6f7119a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 213277-213295 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040018","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09266790.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325210","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106672809.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106672809.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W357340061","https://openalex.org/W593303130","https://openalex.org/W640449961","https://openalex.org/W1480137251","https://openalex.org/W1485017848","https://openalex.org/W1532912978","https://openalex.org/W1579524164","https://openalex.org/W1600187702","https://openalex.org/W1600910092","https://openalex.org/W1756153426","https://openalex.org/W1824537283","https://openalex.org/W1851278369","https://openalex.org/W1911224242","https://openalex.org/W1970194611","https://openalex.org/W1973991322","https://openalex.org/W1984790502","https://openalex.org/W1991026907","https://openalex.org/W2002042070","https://openalex.org/W2004085767","https://openalex.org/W2020552573","https://openalex.org/W2027777886","https://openalex.org/W2063232651","https://openalex.org/W2065528106","https://openalex.org/W2086728509","https://openalex.org/W2099790980","https://openalex.org/W2101075184","https://openalex.org/W2103518797","https://openalex.org/W2114766803","https://openalex.org/W2118275771","https://openalex.org/W2131841728","https://openalex.org/W2144920709","https://openalex.org/W2149621548","https://openalex.org/W2155743561","https://openalex.org/W2158773122","https://openalex.org/W2201336861","https://openalex.org/W2241453698","https://openalex.org/W2246064734","https://openalex.org/W2324897404","https://openalex.org/W2329141449","https://openalex.org/W2395802852","https://openalex.org/W2532392548","https://openalex.org/W2537990384","https://openalex.org/W2749463609","https://openalex.org/W2784043698","https://openalex.org/W2804832080","https://openalex.org/W2898873366","https://openalex.org/W2901376795","https://openalex.org/W2953232409","https://openalex.org/W3141280230","https://openalex.org/W3147097942","https://openalex.org/W4246947566","https://openalex.org/W4254269181","https://openalex.org/W6612003191","https://openalex.org/W6620787551","https://openalex.org/W6628654221","https://openalex.org/W6666223458","https://openalex.org/W6690233510","https://openalex.org/W6690985896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W620022061","https://openalex.org/W2012371832","https://openalex.org/W7243706","https://openalex.org/W380471872","https://openalex.org/W2196051582","https://openalex.org/W562290735","https://openalex.org/W823842769","https://openalex.org/W568304268","https://openalex.org/W585123178","https://openalex.org/W658737121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,133],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,146],"transits":[4,11],"available":[5],"around":[6],"the":[7,65,75,93,120,147,151,173],"world.":[8],"AC":[9,80],"voltage":[10,14,29],"and":[12,18,26,31,46,79,89,96,140],"DC":[13,78,116],"transit":[15,39,44,88,101,117],"are":[16,49,103],"reviewed":[17],"compared.":[19],"Emphasis":[20],"is":[21,71,134,167],"given":[22],"to":[23,54,74,109],"differences,":[24],"advantages":[25],"disadvantages":[27],"of":[28,56,67,77,170],"supplies":[30],"traction":[32,84,154],"types.":[33],"First,":[34],"differences":[35,91],"between":[36,92],"bus":[37],"rapid":[38],"(BRT),":[40],"metro,":[41],"light":[42,47],"rail":[43,95,98,122,153,175],"(LRT)":[45],"metro":[48,87],"covered,":[50],"with":[51,106,143],"special":[52,107],"attention":[53,108],"statistical":[55,129],"annual":[57,163],"passengers":[58,164],"per":[59,165],"year,":[60],"an":[61],"attribute":[62],"that":[63,118,131],"defines":[64],"type":[66],"railway":[68],"transit.":[69],"Mention":[70],"also":[72],"made":[73],"history":[76],"overhead":[81],"wires,":[82],"other":[83],"preferences":[85],"for":[86,172],"highlighted":[90],"third":[94,115,152],"fourth":[97,121,174],"traction.":[99,123],"Malaysian":[100],"systems":[102],"then":[104],"discussed,":[105],"LRT":[110,159],"Kelana":[111,160],"Jaya":[112,161],"line,":[113],"world's":[114],"employs":[119],"The":[124,156],"discussion":[125],"have":[126],"produced":[127],"relevant":[128],"data":[130],"this":[132],"in":[135,158],"part":[136],"aimed":[137],"at":[138,141],"summarizing":[139],"comparing":[142],"what":[144],"accomplished":[145],"same":[148],"subject":[149],"within":[150],"framework.":[155],"increased":[157],"line":[162],"year":[166],"a":[168],"proof":[169],"success":[171],"technology.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
