{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107721868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040005","title":"Identifiable Tampering Multi-Carrier Image Information Hiding Algorithm Based on Compressed Sensing","display_name":"Identifiable Tampering Multi-Carrier Image Information Hiding Algorithm Based on Compressed Sensing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107721868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040005","mag":"3107721868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040005","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268131.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268131.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056049843","display_name":"Shuai Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375898","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1956-1281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Control Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Control Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008858673","display_name":"Meng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-2743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103130911","display_name":"Khurram Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8634-3359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056049843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6881,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72843753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"214992","last_page":"215009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.8529642820358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6814001798629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6412152647972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrambling","display_name":"Scrambling","score":0.5187970995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5155951380729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4877391755580902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.4620567858219147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43209779262542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.42435330152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41187992691993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39668312668800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3341952860355377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.8529642820358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6814001798629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6412152647972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182548165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2261483","display_name":"Scrambling","level":2,"score":0.5187970995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5155951380729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4877391755580902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.4620567858219147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43209779262542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.42435330152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41187992691993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39668312668800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3341952860355377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040005","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268131.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:42951d88b6a34fd08cf7e41e6eeb141b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/42951d88b6a34fd08cf7e41e6eeb141b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 214992-215009 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3040005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040005","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268131.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2597843785","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6434462916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"300102240208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7666959437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8070520341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81071005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321525","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337368","display_name":"Division of Graduate Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00whkrf32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107721868.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107721868.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W844411675","https://openalex.org/W1624366496","https://openalex.org/W1975711734","https://openalex.org/W1986292841","https://openalex.org/W2026084516","https://openalex.org/W2041195352","https://openalex.org/W2046658845","https://openalex.org/W2052920397","https://openalex.org/W2079485208","https://openalex.org/W2086077162","https://openalex.org/W2113267006","https://openalex.org/W2128974515","https://openalex.org/W2131559909","https://openalex.org/W2135564199","https://openalex.org/W2145096794","https://openalex.org/W2152637282","https://openalex.org/W2296616510","https://openalex.org/W2315669992","https://openalex.org/W2343446727","https://openalex.org/W2516943175","https://openalex.org/W2743012599","https://openalex.org/W2748251709","https://openalex.org/W2760188900","https://openalex.org/W2891697328","https://openalex.org/W2898292234","https://openalex.org/W2942745088","https://openalex.org/W2969448873","https://openalex.org/W3029528421","https://openalex.org/W3033768243","https://openalex.org/W3036149624","https://openalex.org/W3037650204","https://openalex.org/W3037758685","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W6663456998","https://openalex.org/W6678945065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072037244","https://openalex.org/W2497446005","https://openalex.org/W3203504906","https://openalex.org/W2389786244","https://openalex.org/W3116262076","https://openalex.org/W4403552904","https://openalex.org/W2787511935","https://openalex.org/W3190769222","https://openalex.org/W2171676767","https://openalex.org/W4312890355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"at":[1],"the":[2,10,14,19,40,52,57,71,79,84,92,102,111,117,123,135,140,142,154,174,187,207,216,227,230],"security":[3],"problem":[4],"of":[5,12,18,66,126,129,139,159,191,220],"secret":[6,72,85,112,160,167,192,250],"information":[7,22,30,73,113,124,168,193,203,209],"preprocessing":[8],"and":[9,16,50,81,101,157,165,170,184,189,206,218,244,252],"difficulty":[11],"improving":[13],"capacity":[15,249],"robustness":[17,219],"single-carrier":[20,208],"image":[21,29,53,67,86,118,131,201,241],"hiding":[23,31,74,125,204,210],"algorithm,":[24],"an":[25,145],"identifiable":[26],"tampering":[27,183],"multi-carrier":[28],"algorithm":[32,143,176,205,211,222,232],"based":[33,212],"on":[34,213],"compressed":[35,90,214],"sensing":[36],"is":[37,245],"proposed.":[38],"Firstly,":[39],"angle":[41,136],"structure":[42,137],"descriptor":[43,138],"feature":[44],"vector":[45],"was":[46,61,87,96,105,114],"used":[47],"to":[48,63,69,121,148,181],"preprocess":[49],"classify":[51],"carrier":[54],"set.":[55],"Secondly,":[56],"GHM":[58],"multiwavelet":[59],"transform":[60],"applied":[62],"different":[64,127],"types":[65,128],"carriers":[68],"obtain":[70],"area":[75],"which":[76,152],"can":[77,237],"balance":[78],"invisibility":[80,217],"robustness.":[82],"Thirdly,":[83],"processed":[88],"by":[89,98,107],"sensing,":[91,215],"resulting":[93],"observation":[94],"matrix":[95],"decomposed":[97],"singular":[99,119],"value,":[100],"chaotic":[103],"scrambling":[104],"encoded":[106],"logistic":[108],"mapping.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"embedded":[115],"in":[116],"value":[120],"complete":[122],"multi-quantity":[130],"carriers.":[132],"Combined":[133],"with":[134,200],"image,":[141],"proposed":[144,175,231],"effective":[146],"way":[147],"organize":[149],"multiple":[150],"carriers,":[151],"improved":[153],"embedding":[155,171],"quality":[156],"efficiency":[158,188],"information.":[161],"The":[162],"verification":[163],"data":[164],"segmented":[166],"classification":[169],"strategy":[172],"made":[173],"have":[177],"a":[178],"keen":[179],"ability":[180],"detect":[182],"effectively":[185,238],"improve":[186],"integrity":[190],"extraction.":[194],"Experimental":[195],"results":[196],"show":[197],"that":[198],"compared":[199],"sharing":[202],"our":[221],"are":[223],"significantly":[224],"improved.":[225],"At":[226],"same":[228],"time,":[229],"has":[233],"strong":[234],"anti-analysis":[235],"ability,":[236],"resist":[239],"most":[240],"processing":[242],"attacks,":[243],"suitable":[246],"for":[247],"large":[248],"communication":[251],"high-security":[253],"applications.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}