{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109613421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3039998","title":"Learning Multi-Level Features to Improve Crowd Counting","display_name":"Learning Multi-Level Features to Improve Crowd Counting","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109613421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3039998","mag":"3109613421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3039998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3039998","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268153.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268153.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017764646","display_name":"Zhanqiang Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-5009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanqiang Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-5009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715995","display_name":"Bin Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-2333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-2333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041700053","display_name":"Aizhong Mi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-612X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aizhong Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-612X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067725346","display_name":"Fen Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-2993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fen Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-2993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052013095","display_name":"Yingxu Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingxu Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-614X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3833,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62487842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"211391","last_page":"211400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.786494255065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7394951581954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7070683836936951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6688876152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6268324851989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.576603889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5665598511695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5463557243347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5290336012840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.42024314403533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11010122299194336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.786494255065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7394951581954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7070683836936951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6688876152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6268324851989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.576603889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5665598511695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5463557243347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5290336012840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42024314403533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11010122299194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3039998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3039998","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268153.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c72f6e630d074d7ab10bc1d0a6e25ced","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c72f6e630d074d7ab10bc1d0a6e25ced","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 211391-211400 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3039998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3039998","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09268153.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4178204042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19IRTSTHN012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322878","funder_display_name":"Henan University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322878","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109613421.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3109613421.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2072232009","https://openalex.org/W2123175289","https://openalex.org/W2316109659","https://openalex.org/W2463631526","https://openalex.org/W2519281173","https://openalex.org/W2734511492","https://openalex.org/W2741077351","https://openalex.org/W2745597836","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2798781811","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2884960332","https://openalex.org/W2895051362","https://openalex.org/W2922295717","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2941177490","https://openalex.org/W2945574898","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2956251762","https://openalex.org/W2962854645","https://openalex.org/W2962921175","https://openalex.org/W2963035940","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963843116","https://openalex.org/W2963893037","https://openalex.org/W2964209782","https://openalex.org/W2967776630","https://openalex.org/W2970252859","https://openalex.org/W2975784364","https://openalex.org/W2982021328","https://openalex.org/W2982220924","https://openalex.org/W2986217866","https://openalex.org/W2997195386","https://openalex.org/W3005165310","https://openalex.org/W3027606690","https://openalex.org/W3097537783","https://openalex.org/W4297810817","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6753038380","https://openalex.org/W6769879775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175","https://openalex.org/W2951187577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowd":[0],"counting":[1,18],"is":[2,42,63,72,146],"a":[3,57,136],"task":[4,41],"that":[5],"aims":[6],"to":[7,28,80,134],"estimate":[8],"the":[9,35,43,48,69,75,78,82,88,94,99,104,120,125,130,141,143,154,164,168],"number":[10],"of":[11,34,47,50,77,84,153],"people":[12],"in":[13,39,52,157],"an":[14],"image.":[15],"Recent":[16],"crowd":[17,30,66,85],"methods":[19,162],"make":[20],"significant":[21],"progress":[22],"by":[23,93,109,119,129],"employing":[24],"convolutional":[25],"neural":[26],"networks":[27],"regress":[29],"density":[31,137],"maps.":[32],"One":[33],"most":[36],"challenging":[37],"problems":[38],"this":[40,55],"drastic":[44],"scale":[45],"variation":[46],"region":[49],"interest":[51],"images.":[53,86],"In":[54],"paper,":[56],"Feature":[58,110],"Fusion":[59,111],"Attention":[60,112],"Network":[61],"(FFANet)":[62],"proposed":[64,144,165],"for":[65],"counting.":[67],"Firstly,":[68],"VGG16":[70],"network":[71],"adapted":[73],"as":[74],"backbone":[76],"FFANet":[79,166],"extract":[81],"features":[83,90,106,126],"Then,":[87],"extracted":[89],"are":[91,107,116,127],"fused":[92],"subsequent":[95],"two":[96],"stages.":[97],"Specifically,":[98],"information":[100],"enhancement":[101],"operations":[102],"on":[103,148],"multi-levels":[105],"conducted":[108],"Module":[113,132],"(FFAM),":[114],"which":[115],"further":[117],"refined":[118],"Residual":[121],"Block":[122],"(RB).":[123],"Finally,":[124],"processed":[128],"Compression":[131],"(CM)":[133],"generate":[135],"map.":[138],"To":[139],"demonstrate":[140],"effectiveness,":[142],"algorithm":[145,155],"verified":[147],"three":[149],"benchmark":[150],"datasets.":[151],"Evaluation":[152],"performances":[156],"comparison":[158],"with":[159],"other":[160],"state-of-the-art":[161],"indicates":[163],"outperforms":[167],"existing":[169],"methods.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}