{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3101082097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038989","title":"Self-Attention Network With Joint Loss for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification","display_name":"Self-Attention Network With Joint Loss for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3101082097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038989","mag":"3101082097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3038989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038989","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09262877.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09262877.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101460402","display_name":"Honglin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-2927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-2927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074226461","display_name":"Shuzhen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-5179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuzhen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-5179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420734","display_name":"Liang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4802-2447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077592935","display_name":"Chaoquan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-9363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoquan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-9363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085836910","display_name":"Wen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-7278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86036228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"210347","last_page":"210359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8359818458557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7867463827133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6826743483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.635664701461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.5884092450141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5328363180160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.531229555606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.459704726934433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4430129826068878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4266775846481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40135735273361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3960821032524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11349567770957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09163984656333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8359818458557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7867463827133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6826743483543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.635664701461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.5884092450141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5328363180160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.531229555606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.459704726934433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4430129826068878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4266775846481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40135735273361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3960821032524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11349567770957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09163984656333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3038989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038989","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09262877.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c13d906b4045425dad5a002f0991751c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c13d906b4045425dad5a002f0991751c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 210347-210359 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3038989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038989","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09262877.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2959300224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019QJCZ015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322924","funder_display_name":"Changsha University of Science\u00a0and\u00a0Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4283074553","display_name":"\u89c6\u89c9\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4e2d\u76ee\u6807\u6df1\u5ea6\u8868\u89c2\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5706596914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX2019SS28","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322924","funder_display_name":"Changsha University of Science\u00a0and\u00a0Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7170405673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322924","display_name":"Changsha University of Science\u00a0and\u00a0Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526295910","https://openalex.org/W1584663654","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W2029332336","https://openalex.org/W2033648988","https://openalex.org/W2043857439","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2111587247","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162724220","https://openalex.org/W2162909892","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2168918109","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2213075807","https://openalex.org/W2253590344","https://openalex.org/W2475223347","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2607558879","https://openalex.org/W2620429297","https://openalex.org/W2620858446","https://openalex.org/W2728626431","https://openalex.org/W2744582969","https://openalex.org/W2792261129","https://openalex.org/W2792857687","https://openalex.org/W2793268137","https://openalex.org/W2794179679","https://openalex.org/W2794393839","https://openalex.org/W2797058042","https://openalex.org/W2799466885","https://openalex.org/W2803946774","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2808436940","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2890732922","https://openalex.org/W2897550403","https://openalex.org/W2899198451","https://openalex.org/W2902163209","https://openalex.org/W2903623761","https://openalex.org/W2914046405","https://openalex.org/W2914885528","https://openalex.org/W2919352650","https://openalex.org/W2920232463","https://openalex.org/W2944971001","https://openalex.org/W2950438065","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2964461714","https://openalex.org/W2970105043","https://openalex.org/W2989850198","https://openalex.org/W2996291386","https://openalex.org/W2998014461","https://openalex.org/W3006778473","https://openalex.org/W3103856189","https://openalex.org/W3104752576","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684088912","https://openalex.org/W6684671505","https://openalex.org/W6726946684","https://openalex.org/W6752378368","https://openalex.org/W6770577459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W4378678253","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2129933262","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W2972076240","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning,":[1],"especially":[2],"convolutional":[3],"neural":[4],"network":[5,39],"(CNN),":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"widely":[9],"applied":[10],"in":[11,16,58,168],"remote":[12,59,158],"sensing":[13,60,159],"scene":[14,62,108,129,161],"classification":[15,162],"recent":[17],"years.":[18],"However,":[19],"such":[20],"approaches":[21],"tend":[22],"to":[23,73,122],"extract":[24,74],"features":[25,76],"from":[26],"the":[27,47,53,84,93,96,102,125,143,147,169],"whole":[28],"image":[29,61,90,160],"rather":[30],"than":[31,152],"discriminative":[32,75],"regions.":[33],"This":[34],"article":[35],"proposes":[36],"a":[37,110],"self-attention":[38,67],"model":[40,149],"with":[41,117],"joint":[42,111],"loss":[43,112,116,119],"that":[44,142,153],"effectively":[45],"reduce":[46],"interference":[48,94],"of":[49,55,77,88,95,104,127,146,154,171],"complex":[50,128,176],"backgrounds":[51],"and":[52,91,137],"impact":[54],"intra-class":[56,105],"diversity":[57,106],"classification.":[63,130],"In":[64],"this":[65],"model,":[66],"mechanism":[68],"is":[69,120,150],"integrated":[70],"into":[71],"ResNet18":[72],"images,":[78],"which":[79],"makes":[80],"CNN":[81],"focus":[82],"on":[83,107,134],"most":[85,155],"salient":[86],"region":[87],"each":[89],"suppress":[92],"irrelevant":[97],"information.":[98],"Moreover,":[99],"for":[100],"reducing":[101],"influence":[103],"classification,":[109],"function":[113],"combining":[114],"center":[115],"cross-entropy":[118],"proposed":[121,148],"further":[123],"improve":[124],"accuracy":[126,145],"Experiments":[131],"carried":[132],"out":[133],"AID,":[135],"NWPU-NESISC45":[136],"UC":[138],"Merced":[139],"datasets":[140],"show":[141],"overall":[144],"higher":[151],"current":[156],"competitive":[157],"methods.":[163],"It":[164],"also":[165],"performs":[166],"well":[167],"case":[170],"fewer":[172],"data":[173],"samples":[174],"or":[175],"backgrounds.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
